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Identification of kernel iron- and zinc-rich maize inbreds and analysis of genetic diversity using microsatellite markers

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Abstract

Development of micronutrient enriched staple foods is an important breeding goal in view of the extensive problem of ‘hidden hunger’ caused by micronutrient malnutrition. In the present study, kernel iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentrations were evaluated in a set of 31 diverse maize inbred lines in three trials at two locations – Delhi (Kharif 2007 & 2008) and Hyderabad (Rabi 2007–08). The ranges of kernel Fe and Zn concentrations were 13.95–39.31 mg/kg and 21.85–40.91 mg/kg, respectively, across the three environments. Pooled analysis revealed significant genotype × environment (G × E) interaction in the expression of both the micronutrient traits, although kernel Fe was found to be more sensitive to G × E as compared to kernel Zn. Seven inbred lines, viz., BAJIM-06-03, DQPM-6, CM212, BAJIM-06-12, DQPM-7, DQPM-2 and CM129, were found to be the most stable and promising inbred lines for kernel Zn concentration, while for kernel Fe concentration, no promising and stable genotypes could be identified. Analysis of molecular diversity in 24 selected inbred lines with phenotypic contrast for the two kernel micronutrient traits, using 50 SSR markers covering the maize genome, revealed high levels of polymorphisms (214 SSR alleles; mean PIC value = 0.62). The phenotypically contrasting and genetically diverse maize inbred lines identified in this study could be potentially utilized in further studies on QTL analysis of kernel micronutrient traits in maize, and the stable and most promising kernel micronutrient-rich maize genotypes provide a good foundation for developing micronutrient-enriched maize varieties suitable for the Indian context.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

CIMMYT:

International maize and wheat improvement center

PIC:

Polymorphism information content

SSR:

Simple sequence repeat

UPGMA:

Unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means

QPM:

Quality protein maize

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

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Acknowledgements

The study was carried out as a part of a Network Project on “Development of micronutrient enriched maize through molecular breeding” funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India, and was undertaken in collaboration with CIMMYT-HarvestPlus team. The authors express their sincere thanks to Dr. Kevin Pixley (CIMMYT-HarvestPlus Maize Team Leader) for sharing the HarvestPlus maize lines for this study.

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Author notes

  1. Mridul Chakraborti

    Present address: Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India

  2. B. M. Prasanna

    Present address: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF House, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya

  3. Sonali Mazumdar

    Present address: Project Directorate on Farming System Research, Modipuram, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Mridul Chakraborti, B. M. Prasanna, Firoz Hossain, Sonali Mazumdar, Anju M. Singh & H. S. Gupta

  2. CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalay, Bajaura Centre, Palampur, India

    Satish Guleria

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  1. Mridul Chakraborti
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Correspondence to B. M. Prasanna.

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Chakraborti, M., Prasanna, B.M., Hossain, F. et al. Identification of kernel iron- and zinc-rich maize inbreds and analysis of genetic diversity using microsatellite markers. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 20, 224–233 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-011-0050-9

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