Abstract
Stocking density is considered one of the important factors affecting fish growth. But, information related to impact of stocking density on growth performance of androgen-treated monosex tilapia population during cage culture under the ecological conditions of Gangetic plains in West Bengal, India is limited. The aim of our study was to compare the growth potential of control and hormone-treated, sex reversed tilapia at various stocking densities and to determine an ideal stocking density for cage culture of monosex fish. Control and hormone treated fish were stocked separately in mesh cages at different stocking densities (1, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100 fry / m3) and it was found that the highest growth was observed for the 50 fish / m3 groups for both the control and hormone treated categories. More over, the monosex androgen treated population showed much higher growth potential for all the density groups compared to the corresponding mixedsex population. Thus, cage culture of hormone treated monosex tilapia at a density of 50 fish / m3 can be considered ideal for augmented production of the fish under Indian context.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th edn. APHA (American Public Health Association), Washington, USA.
Barcellos, L.G.J., Nicolaiewsky, S., de Souza, S.M.J., Lulhier, F. 1999. The effects of stocking density and social interaction on acute stress response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (L.) fingerlings. Aquacult. Res. 30: 887–892.
Bartley, D.M., Martin, F. 2004. Introduction of alien species/strains and their impact on biodiversity. In: Gupta, M.V., Bartley, D.M. and Acosta, B.O. (eds) Use of genetically improved and alien species for aquaculture and conservation of aquatic biodiversity in Africa. Worldfish Center Conference Proceedings No. 68. The Worldfish Center, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 16–21.
Barton, B.A., Iwama, G.K. 1991. Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Ann. Rev. Fish Disea. 10: 3–26.
Bhasin, S., Woodhouse, L., Storer, T. W. 2001. Proof of the effect of testosterone on skeletal muscle. J. Endocrinol. 170: 27–38.
Chakraborty, S.B., Sarbajna, A., Mazumdar, D., Banerjee, S. 2007. Effects of 13 differential dose and duration of 17-methyltestosterone treatment on sex reversal of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus at different age groups under Indian perspective. Asian J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Environ. Science 9: 705–710.
Coche, A.G. 1982. Cage culture of tilapia. In: Pullin, R.S.V. and Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (eds) The Biology and Culture of Tilapias. ICLARM conference Proceedings 7. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines, pp. 432.
Coleman, R. 2001. Cichlids and Science: Bad Cichlids? Cichlid News Mag. 10: 32–34.
Dambo, W.B. and Rana, K.J. 1992. Effects of stocking density on growth and survival of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) fry in the hatchery. Aquacult. Fisher. Manage. 23: 71–80.
Dan, N.C., Little, D.C. 2000. The culture performance of monosex and mixed-sex new-season and overwintered fry in three strains of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in northern Vietnam. Aquaculture 184: 221–231.
De Silva, S.S., Subasinghe, R.P.D., Bartley, M., Lowther, A. 2004. Tilapias as alien aquatics in Asia and the Pacific: a review. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 453. Rome, FAO. p. 65.
Diana, J.S., Yi, Y., Lin, C.K. 2004. Stocking densities and fertilization regimes for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production in ponds with supplemental feeding In: Bolivar, R, Mair, G. and Fitzsimmons, K. (eds) Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, Manila, Philippines, BFAR, Philippines, pp. 487–499.
Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1–42.
El-Sayed, A.M. 2002. Effect of stocking density and feeding levels on growth and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fry. Auacult. Res. 33: 621–626.
Hepher, B., Pruginin, Y. 1981. Commercial Fish Farming, with special reference to fish culture in Israel. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 291.
Kebus, M.J., Collins, M.T., Brownfield, M.S., Amundson, C.H., Kayes, T.R., Malison, J.A. 1992. Effects of rearing density on stress response and growth of rainbow trout. J. Aqua. Anim. Heal. 4: 1–6.
Khattab, Y.A.R., Abdel-Tawwab, M., Ahmad, M.H. 2004. Effect of protein level and stocking density on growth performance, survival rate, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus L.). In: Bolivar, R, Mair, G. and Fitzsimmons, K. (eds) Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, Manila, Philippines, BFAR, Philippines, pp. 264–276.
King, N.J., Howell, W.H., Huber, M., Bengtson, D.A. 2000. Effects of stocking density on laboratory-scale production of summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 31: 436–445.
Liu, K.M., Chang, W.B. 1992. Bioenergetic modeling of effect of fertilization, stocking density, and spawning on growth of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquacult. Fisher. Manage. 23: 291–301.
Macinosh, D.J., Varghese, T.J., Satyanarayana, G.P. 1985. Hormonal sex reversal of wild-spawned tilapia in India. J. Fish Biol. 26: 87–94.
Mair, G.C., Abucay, J.S., Beardmore, J.A., Skibinski, D.O.F. 1995. Growth performance trials of genetically male tilapia (GMT) derived from YY-males in Oreochromis niloticus L.: On station comparisons with mixed sex and sex reversed male populations. Aquaculture 137: 313–322.
Ouattara, N.I., Teugels, G.G., Douba, V.N., Philippart, J.C. 2003. Aquaculture potential of the black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron (Chiclidae). Comparative study of the effect of stocking density on growth performance of landlocked and natural populations under cage culture conditions in Lake Ayame (Cote d’Ivoire). Aquacult. Res. 34: 1223–1229.
Pandian, T. J., Varadaraj, K. 1988. Techniques for producing allmale and all-triploid Oreochromis mossambicus. In: Pullin, R. S. V, Bhukaswan, T., Tonguthai, K. and Maclean, J.L. (eds) The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 15. Department of Fisheries, Bangkock, Thailand, and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines, pp. 243–249.
Pankhurst, N.W., Van der Kraak, G. 1997. Effects of stress on reproduction and growth of fish. In: Iwama, J.K. and Pickering, A.D. (eds.) Fish stress and health in aquaculture. Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, pp. 73–93.
Ridha, M.T. 2006. Comparative study of growth performance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L. at two stocking densities. Aquacult. Res. 37: 172–179.
Shelton, W.L., Hopkins, K.D., Jensen, G.L. 1978. Use of hormones to produce monosex tilapia for aquaculture. In: Pullin, R.S.V., Bhukaswan, T., Tonguthai, K. and Maclean, J.L. (eds) The Second International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture. ICLARM Conference Proceedings 15, 623 p. Department of Fisheries, Bangkok, Thailand, and International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines, pp. 10–33.
Smith, E.S., Phelps, R.P. 2001. Impact of feed storage conditions on growth and efficacy of sex reversal of Nile tilapia. North A. J. Aquacult. 63: 242–245.
Yi, Y., Lin, C.K. 2001. Effect of biomass of caged Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and aeration on the growth and yields in an integrated cage-cum-pond system. Aquaculture 195: 253–267.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chakraborty, S.B., Mazumdar, D. & Banerjee, S. Determination of ideal stocking density for cage culture of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in India. Proc Zool Soc 63, 53–59 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-010-0007-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12595-010-0007-3