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Cartilage tissue engineering with chondrogeneic cells versus artificial joint replacement: the insurgence of new technological paradigms

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Abstract

Cartilage lesions of the knee, talus, ankle and hip generate chronic symptoms represented by pain associated to weight bearing, stiffness, locking and swelling of damaged joints that reduce the ability to walk, work and to carry out sports range of motion. Cartilage degeneration reduces the quality of life and has a huge impact on public health. Articular cartilage repair is a very hot topic for biomedical sciences and has evolving rapidly due to groundbreaking advances in tissue engineering driven by cell biology and biomaterials. The study here analyzes the publications and patents of cartilage tissue engineering to determine the patterns of the new therapies possibilities of cartilage repair to replace joint arthroplasties in the future. Findings, based on scientific and technological outputs, show that new clinical applications of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) and Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are fruitful approaches for cartilage regenerative medicine that should replace the artificial joint replacement in not-too-distant future. In fact, these new technological paradigms repair the cartilage with more efficacy and have been generating a revolution in clinical practice due to benefits in terms of higher quality of life.

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Notes

  1. “ ‘model’ and ‘pattern’ of solution of selected technological problems, based on selected principles derived from the natural science and on selected material technologies” (Dosi, 1982, p. 152, original emphasis).

  2. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.

  3. Chondrocytes are the only cells found in cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. From least- to terminally-differentiated, the chondrocytic lineage is: Colony-forming unit-fibroblast; Mesenchymal Stem Cell / Marrow Stromal Cell (MSC, which is the progenitor of chondrocytes); Chondrocyte; Hypertrophic chondrocyte.

  4. See Both et al. [41] for the description of a rapid and efficient method for expansion of Human Mesenchynmal Stem Cells.

  5. For a more technical description of the surgical intervention of ACT technology, see [11], pp. 409–412.

  6. Technology is based on inventions and innovations. Invention is a commercially promising product or service, based on new science and/or technology that meets the requirements for a patent application and/or the patent is already granted. On the other hand, innovation, which already has a valid and granted patent, is the successful entry of a new science or technology-based product into a particular market. In particular, innovations are protected by patents, which indicate the current innovation of industries and also commercially promising inventions (cf. [62]; cf. also [56, 57, 72–75]).

  7. Cf. also [64] and [58].

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  1. Mario Coccia

    Present address: CERIS—Institute for Economic Research on Firm and Growth, Collegio Carlo Alberto, via Real Collegio, n. 30, 10024, Moncalieri, Torino, Italy

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Torino, Italy

    Mario Coccia

  2. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Mario Coccia

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Correspondence to Mario Coccia.

Additional information

I thank Ugo Finardi (University of Torino, Italy) for kindly acquisition of data and the colleagues of the Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience and Stem Cell Engineering Center (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) for their scientific support. I am especially grateful to the Editor-in-Chief, Lodewijk Bos, and two anonymous referees for many helpful comments. In addition, I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the CNR—National Research Council of Italy for my visiting at Yale University and Georgia Institute of Technology where this research has been developed. The usual disclaimer holds, however.

Appendix A: S-Shaped patterns and trend

Appendix A: S-Shaped patterns and trend

Fig. 4
figure 4

Linear trend of data of new and standard technology for articular cartilage repair on double-logarithmic scale over 1993–2011 period

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Coccia, M. Cartilage tissue engineering with chondrogeneic cells versus artificial joint replacement: the insurgence of new technological paradigms. Health Technol. 2, 235–247 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-012-0032-5

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