Abstract
Sodium potassium niobate (NKN) nano-particle powders were synthesised through the thermal decomposition of a sol–gel NKN precursor. Powders and gels were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hydrated carbonate phases formed as a result of reaction with evolved vapours during organic decomposition, and by reaction of NKN powders with H2O and CO2 on exposure to air. The primary particle size of the powders increased from <50 to <250 nm as decomposition temperatures were raised from 500 to 950 °C.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bomlai P, Wichianrat P, Muensit S, Milne SJ (2007) Effect of calcination conditions and excess alkali carbonate on the phase formation and particle morphology of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 powders. J Am Ceram Soc 90:1650–1655. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01629.x
Busca G, Lorenzelli V (1982) Infrared spectroscopic identification of species arising from reactive adsorption of carbon oxides on metal oxide surfaces. Mater Chem 7:89–126. doi:10.1016/0390-6035(82)90059-1
Cheng Z, Ozawa K, Osada M, Miyazaki A, Kimura H (2006) Low-temperature synthesis of NaNbO3 nanopowders and their thin films from a novel carbon-free precursor. J Am Ceram Soc 89:1188–1192. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00857.x
Chowdhury A, Thompson PR, Milne SJ (2008) TGA-FTIR study of a lead zirconate titanate gel made from a triol-based sol–gel system. Thermochim Acta 475:59–64. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2008.06.009
Egerton L, Dillon DM (1959) Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of ceramics in the system of potassium-sodium niobate. J Am Ceram Soc 42:438–442. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1959.tb12971.x
Franco RCR, Camargo ER, Nobre MAL, Leite ER, Longo E, Varela JA (1999) Dielectric properties of Na1-x Li x NbO3 ceramics from powders obtained by chemical synthesis. Ceram Int 25:455–460. doi:10.1016/S0272-8842(98)00054-6
Guo Y, Kakimoto K-I, Ohsato H (2005) (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-LiTaO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. Mater Lett 59:241. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2004.07.057
Haertling GH (1967) Properties of hot-pressed ferroelectric alkali niobate ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 50:329–330. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1967.tb15121.x
Jaeger RE, Egerton L (1962) Hot pressing of potassium sodium niobates. J Am Ceram Soc 45:209–213. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1962.tb11127.x
Nobre MAL, Longo E, Leite ER, Varela JA (1996) Synthesis and sintering of ultrafine NaNbO3 powder by use of polymeric precursors. Mater Lett 28:215–220. doi:10.1016/0167-577X(96)00062-6
Rojac T, Kosec M, Segedin P, Malic B, Holc J (2006) The formation of a carbonato complex during the mechanochemical treatment of a Na2CO3-Nb2O5 mixture. Solid State Ion 177:2987–2995. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2006.08.001
Saito Y, Takao H, Tani T, Nonoyama T, Takatori K, Homma T, Nagaya T, Nakamura M (2004) Lead-free piezoceramics. Nature 432:84–87. doi:10.1038/nature03028
Shirane G, Newnham R, Pepinsky R (1954) Dielectric properties and phase transitions of NaNbO3 and (Na, K)NbO3. Phys Rev 96:581–588. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.96.581
Skidmore TA, Milne SJ (2007) Phase development during mixed-oxide processing of a [Na0.5K0.5NbO3]1-x -[LiTaO3] x powder. J Mater Res 22:2265–2272. doi:10.1557/jmr.2007.0281
Smart L, Moore E (1996) Solid state chemistry: an introduction, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London
Socrates G (2001) Infrared and Raman characteristic group frequencies: tables and charts. Wiley, Chichester
Tennery VJ, Hang KW (1968) Thermal and X-ray diffraction studies of the sodium niobate(V)-potassium niobate(V) system. J Appl Phys 39:4749–4753. doi:10.1063/1.1655833
Williams DH, Fleming I (1990) Spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. McGraw-Hill, London
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chowdhury, A., Bould, J., Zhang, Y. et al. Nano-powders of Na0.5K0.5NbO3 made by a sol–gel method. J Nanopart Res 12, 209–215 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9595-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9595-0