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A Comparison of Modified and Unmodified Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion

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Abstract

The goal of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical modification of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) on the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites. Acetylated nanofibers (ACNF), with degree of substitution 1.07, were isolated from acetylated kenaf fibers by mechanical treatments. Acetylated nanofibers showed more hydrophobic properties compared to non-acetylated ones. The results showed that both crystallinity and thermal stability of acetylated nanofibers were lower than non-acetylated ones. The nanocomposites were prepared by premixing two PLA master batches, one with a high concentration of ACNF and the second with CNF. These were diluted to final concentrations (5 wt%) during the extrusion. The morphology studies of PLA and its nanocomposites showed nanofiber aggregates in both materials. The results showed that the tensile and dynamic mechanical properties were enhanced for both acetylated and non-acetylated nanocomposites compared to the neat PLA matrix while no significant improvement was observed for the acetylated nanocomposites compared to non-acetylated ones. However, the storage modulus increased slightly for acetylated nanocomposites compared to non-acetylated ones.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Bio4Energy program as well as Kempe Stiftelserna, (Sweden) for the financial support of this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Materials Science and Composite Center Sweden, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden

    Mehdi Jonoobi, Aji P. Mathew & Kristiina Oksman

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

    Mahnaz M. Abdi

  3. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

    Majid Davoodi Makinejad

Authors
  1. Mehdi Jonoobi
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  2. Aji P. Mathew
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  3. Mahnaz M. Abdi
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  4. Majid Davoodi Makinejad
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  5. Kristiina Oksman
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Correspondence to Mehdi Jonoobi.

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Jonoobi, M., Mathew, A.P., Abdi, M.M. et al. A Comparison of Modified and Unmodified Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid (PLA) Prepared by Twin Screw Extrusion. J Polym Environ 20, 991–997 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0503-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0503-9

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