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Mechanisms and tests for geographic clines in genetic polymorphisms

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Population Ecology

Abstract

A continuous spatial gradient in visible traits, which is called a cline, is a natural model system for quantifying the effects of selection and stochastic factors and their relative importance. Geographic clines in phenotypic traits also provide key insights into the evolutionary forces that lead to allopatric speciation in nature. Thus, the underlying mechanisms for establishing clines and their evolutionary consequences remain key topics in evolutionary biology. However, few experimental studies have confirmed the underlying mechanisms of geographic clines in morph/allele frequencies, probably because of the lack of understanding of the theoretical basis of geographic clines in polymorphisms and/or suitable comprehensive tests. Thus, I present a general review of the underlying mechanisms for establishing geographic clines in polymorphisms. I also provide a case study using the female dimorphic damselfly Ischnura senegalensis to illustrate a strategy that confirms the underlying mechanisms of geographic clines in morph frequencies. This review may help to address geographic clines in other polymorphic systems, as well as contribute to a comprehensive understanding of geographic clines in quantitative traits, and thus, their evolutionary consequences in nature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan

    Yuma Takahashi

  2. Division of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan

    Yuma Takahashi

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  1. Yuma Takahashi
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Correspondence to Yuma Takahashi.

Additional information

Yuma Takahashi is the recipient of the 7th Population Ecology Young Scientist Award.

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Takahashi, Y. Mechanisms and tests for geographic clines in genetic polymorphisms. Popul Ecol 57, 355–362 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-014-0474-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-014-0474-x

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