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Evidence from fruit structure supports in general the circumscription of Apiaceae subfamily Azorelloideae

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Abstract

The fruit anatomy of 51 species of Apiaceae, representing all 23 genera of the traditional tribe Mulineae (now recognized as Apiaceae subfamily Azorelloideae) and their putative relatives, was studied in detail. Most genera (Asteriscium, Azorella, Bolax, Bowlesia, Dichosciadium, Dickinsia, Diplaspis, Diposis, Domeykoa, Drusa, Eremocharis, Gymnophyton, Hermas, Homalocarpus, Huanaca, Laretia, Mulinum, Oschatzia, Pozoa, Schizeilema and Spananthe) have a combination of woody endocarps with the innermost layer of fibers arranged longitudinally and fruits that are either isodiametric or dorsally compressed (never laterally compressed), with lateral ribs or wings that are usually larger than all other ribs or wings. This combination of anatomical characters is unique to most of subfamily Azorelloideae. Choritaenia, and Klotzschia, however, lack prominent lateral ribs or wings, and also differ in other anatomical features, suggesting the exclusion of these taxa from the Azorelloideae. Carpological characters were found to be helpful in refining the circumscription of the subfamily.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the curators and staff of BOL, CBG, CHR, F, GH, K, MO, NAS, NE, NSW, NY, PRE, RAB, S, SP, U, VCU for supplying fruit samples or for permission to collect fruits for our study. Financial support was provided to ML and BEVW from the University of Johannesburg and the National Research Foundation (South Africa), from the US National Science Foundation to GMP (DEB 0613728) and to PPL (DEB 0614152) and from the China National Science Foundation to ML (30870148).

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  1. G. M. Plunkett

    Present address: New York Botanical Garden, 200th St. & Kazimiroff Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10458-5126, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Harbin Normal University, Hexing Road 50, 150080, Harbin, People’s Republic of China

    Mei Liu

  2. Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, Republic of South Africa

    B.-E. Van Wyk & P. M. Tilney

  3. Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, P.O. Box 842012, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA

    G. M. Plunkett

  4. Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166-0299, USA

    P. P. Lowry II

  5. Département Systématique et Evolution (USM 602), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75213, Paris Cedex 05, France

    P. P. Lowry II

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  1. Mei Liu
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  2. B.-E. Van Wyk
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  3. P. M. Tilney
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  4. G. M. Plunkett
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  5. P. P. Lowry II
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Correspondence to Mei Liu.

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Liu, M., Van Wyk, BE., Tilney, P.M. et al. Evidence from fruit structure supports in general the circumscription of Apiaceae subfamily Azorelloideae. Plant Syst Evol 280, 1–13 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0160-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0160-1

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