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Internal models and neural computation in the vestibular system

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Abstract

The vestibular system is vital for motor control and spatial self-motion perception. Afferents from the otolith organs and the semicircular canals converge with optokinetic, somatosensory and motor-related signals in the vestibular nuclei, which are reciprocally interconnected with the vestibulocerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei. Here, we review the properties of the many cell types in the vestibular nuclei, as well as some fundamental computations implemented within this brainstem–cerebellar circuitry. These include the sensorimotor transformations for reflex generation, the neural computations for inertial motion estimation, the distinction between active and passive head movements, as well as the integration of vestibular and proprioceptive information for body motion estimation. A common theme in the solution to such computational problems is the concept of internal models and their neural implementation. Recent studies have shed new insights into important organizational principles that closely resemble those proposed for other sensorimotor systems, where their neural basis has often been more difficult to identify. As such, the vestibular system provides an excellent model to explore common neural processing strategies relevant both for reflexive and for goal-directed, voluntary movement as well as perception.

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Abbreviations

VOR:

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

RVOR:

Rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex

TVOR:

Translational vestibulo-ocular reflex

VN:

Vestibular nuclei

PH:

Prepositus hypoglossi

rFN:

Rostral fastigial deep cerebellar nuclei

NU:

Nodulus and ventral uvula regions of the caudal cerebellar vermis

PH–BT:

“Tonic” and “burst-tonic” neurons in the PH and adjacent medial VN

PVP:

“Position-vestibular-pause” VN cell type

EH:

“Eye-head” VN cell type

VO:

“Vestibular-only” VN cell type

FTN:

“Floccular-target-neuron” VN cell type

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Acknowledgments

Supported by NIH grants DC04260 and EY12814 and a chercheur boursier salary award from the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec (FRSQ).

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  1. Dépt. de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Rm. 4141, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada

    Andrea M. Green

  2. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Dora E. Angelaki

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Green, A.M., Angelaki, D.E. Internal models and neural computation in the vestibular system. Exp Brain Res 200, 197–222 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-009-2054-4

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