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Heartwood of Cupressus lusitanica, C. macrocarpa, Leyland and Ovens cypress and prediction of its durability using near-infrared spectroscopy

Kernholz von Cupressus lusitanica, C. macrocarpa sowie Leyland- und Ovens-Zypresse und die Bestimmung dessen Dauerhaftigkeit mittels NIR-Spektroskopie

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Abstract

The heartwood of plantation-grown Cupressus lusitanica, C. macrocarpa, Leyland and Ovens cypress (×Cuprocyparis leylandii and ×C. ovensii) from trials in New Zealand, was evaluated using breast height increment cores and in vitro decay tests with fungal cultures to determine the variation in the heartwood content and natural durability, and its prediction using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The increment core measurements showed the length of the cores was strongly influenced by the stocking and site, but the heartwood content and weight loss with decay testing were strongly influenced by species and genotype. The heartwood content was consistently high for C. macrocarpa, but varied widely for C. lusitanica, and the Leyland and Ovens cypress clones. The weight loss was similar for the species and cypress clones, with the heartwood classified as very durable and durable, but there were differences in the distributions of less durable heartwood. The NIR calibration models of mass loss with fungal decay testing had ratios of prediction to deviation (RPD) of 1.0–1.3, which suggests the models could be used to segregate the heartwood for high and low values of natural durability.

Zusammenfassung

Kernholz von Cupressus lusitanica, C. macrocarpa sowie Leyland- und Ovens-Zypresse (×Cuprocyparis leylandii und ×C. ovensii) aus Versuchsplantagen in Neuseeland wurde mittels entnommener Bohrkerne in Brusthöhe und In-Vitro-Abbauversuchen mit Pilzkulturen untersucht, um die Variation des Kernholzanteils und der natürlichen Dauerhaftigkeit sowie dessen Vorhersage mittels Nahinfrarotspektroskopie zu bestimmen. Bohrkernmessungen zeigten, dass die Länge der Bohrkerne stark vom Bestockungsgrad und dem Standort beeinflusst wurde. Jedoch hatten die Holzart und der Genotyp einen starken Einfluss auf den Kernholzanteil und den in Abbauversuchen festgestellten Masseverlust. Der Kernholzanteil von C. macrocarpa war durchweg hoch, streute jedoch stark bei C. lusitanica und den Leyland- und Ovens Zypressenklonen. Der Masseverlust war bei den Baumarten und Zypressenklonen vergleichbar zwischen Kernholz, das sehr dauerhaft und dauerhaft klassifiziert wurde. Jedoch wiesen diese unterschiedliche Anteile an weniger dauerhaftem Kernholz auf. Für den Masseverlust bei Pilzabbauversuchen ergaben NIR-Kalibrierungsmodelle ein Vorhersage-Abweichungs-Verhältnis (RPD) von 1,0 bis 1,3. Dies weist daraufhin, dass die Modelle zur Unterscheidung von Kernholz mit hoher oder niedriger natürlicher Dauerhaftigkeit verwendet werden können.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dave Henley, Marika Fritzsche, Kane Fleet, and Toby Stovold for the increment core sampling, and Pan Pac Forest Products Limited and Rayonier NZ Limited for allowing access to Gwavas Forest, Hawke’s Bay, and Strathallan Forest, Southland. The research was funded by the MAF Sustainable Farming Fund—Grant No. L08/064, and Future Forests Research Ltd, through the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology—Contract No. C04X0805.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand

    Trevor G. Jones, Charlie B. Low, Diahanna R. O’Callahan, Colleen M. Chittenden & Heidi S. Dungey

  2. CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia, 4067, Australia

    Roger Meder

  3. Future Forests Research, PO Box 1127, Rotorua, 3040, New Zealand

    Patrick G. Milne

  4. CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Private Bag 10, Clayton, 3169, Australia

    Nicholas Ebdon

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  1. Trevor G. Jones
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Correspondence to Trevor G. Jones.

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Jones, T.G., Low, C.B., Meder, R. et al. Heartwood of Cupressus lusitanica, C. macrocarpa, Leyland and Ovens cypress and prediction of its durability using near-infrared spectroscopy. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 71, 183–192 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0663-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0663-x

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