Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Varying Hurdles for Low-Skilled Youth on the Way to the Labour Market

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
A Life-Course Perspective on Migration and Integration

  • 1106 Accesses

Abstract

Following the Citizen and Immigration Acts of 1999 and 2004 immigration- and integration-related issues moved from the fringes to the heart of federal politics in Germany. Meanwhile Maria Böhmer, the Federal Commissioner for Foreigners, Refugees and Integration, and even Chancellor Angela Merkel regularly address integration related issues. Concerning the integration of young immigrants into the labour market, Böhmer in April 2007 stated: ‘The difficult situation of young immigrants 1 must represent a main issue in the political debate on vocational training. …Within the context of the National Integration Plan the federal government will put all necessary effort into easing the transition of young foreigners into vocational training – for only those who have a vocational qualification have a fair chance of integrating and taking part in our country’s social life on an equal footing.’2

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    I use the terms ‘young people with migratory background/of immigrant origin’ and ‘(young) migrants/ immigrants’ in this article interchangeably to refer to young people whose parents or who themselves have immigrated. However, I would like to distinguish terms such as ‘young foreigners’ and ‘young people of foreign citizenship’ etc., which refer to persons with a non-host-country citizenship.

  2. 2.

    Cf.http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_56546/Content/DE/Pressemitteilungen/BPA/2007/04/ 2007-04-18-boehmer-ausbildungssituation.html [Accessed on: 24 April 2007].

  3. 3.

    A ‘fully qualifying vocational training’ is an educational scheme that upon successful completion offers the participant a certificate in one of the professions acknowledged by the German Vocational Training Act or the Crafts and Trade Code.

  4. 4.

    The typical classification presented here is, however, by no means exhaustive or clear cut, because the contents of different programmes may be quite similar on a (local) implementation level.

  5. 5.

    For details about this study see Eberhard et al. (2006).

  6. 6.

    For the operationalisation of the concept “migratory background” in this study consult (Eberhard et al. 2006).

  7. 7.

    On this occasion I would like to express my gratitude to the BIBB and particularly to Dr. Ulrich as well as Mr. Friedrich for giving me the opportunity to use these data for my analyses.

  8. 8.

    Instead of ‚hazard function’, which is generally used in the methodological literature, I prefer to employ here the term ‘transition function’ as this describes the topic under study in a more appropriate way.

  9. 9.

    Due to the restricted available space, further computations that were performed are not presented here. For instance, interaction effects between ‘having a migratory background’ and other covariates are included in the models but are not shown. Furthermore, instead of the overall grade average, the models were also run with the average grades in the subjects maths or German. Another approach was to introduce the ‘having a migratory background’ covariate in the final model instead of including it already in model 1. These alternative specifications of the models did not lead to any outcomes that would question the results presented here.

References

  • Allmendinger, J., & Leibfried, S. (2003). Education and the welfare state: The four worlds of competence production. Journal of European Social Policy, 13(1), 63–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baethge, M., Solga, H., & Wieck, M. (2007). Berufsbildung im Umbruch: Signale eines überfälligen Aufbruchs. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beicht, U., Friedrich, M., & Ulrich, J. G. (2007). Steiniger Weg in die Berufsausbildung – Werdegang von Jugendlichen nach Beendigung der allgemeinbildenden Schule. Berufsbildung in Wissenschaft und Praxis, 36(2), 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bildungsberichterstattung, K. (Ed.). (2006). Bildung in Deutschland: ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zu Bildung und Migration. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bildungsberichterstattung, A. (Ed.). (2008). Bildung in Deutschland: Ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zu Übergängen im Anschluss an den Sekundarbereich I. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bildungsberichterstattung, A. (Ed.). (2010). Bildung in Deutschland 2010: Ein indikatorengestützter Bericht mit einer Analyse zu Perspektiven des Bildungswesens im demografischen Wandel. Bielefeld: Bertelsmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blossfeld, H.-P., & Huinink, J. (1991). Human capital investments or norms of role transition? How women’s schooling and career affect the process of family formation. American Journal of Sociology, 97(1), 143–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blossfeld, H.-P., Golsch, K., & Rohwer, G. (2007). Event history analysis with stata. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • BMBF. (2006). Berufsbildungsbericht 2006. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF).

    Google Scholar 

  • BMBF. (2007). Berufsbildungsbericht 2007. Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF).

    Google Scholar 

  • BMBF. (2008). Berufsbildungsbericht 2008 (Vorversion). Berlin: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brüderl, J., & Scherer, S. (2006). Methoden zur Analyse von Sequenzdaten. In A. Diekmann (Ed.), Methoden der Sozialforschung (pp. 330–347). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkert, C., & Seibert, H. (2007). Labour market outcomes after vocational training in Germany: Equal opportunities for migrants and natives? (IAB discussion paper 31/2007). Nuremberg: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung (IAB).

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsches PISA-Konsortium, Baumert, J., & Neubrand, M. (Eds.). (2001). PISA 2000: Basiskompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern im internationalen Vergleich. Opladen: Leske & Budrich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eberhard, V., Krewerth, A., & Ulrich, J. G. (Eds.). (2006). Mangelware Lehrstelle: Zur aktuellen Lage der Ausbildungsplatzbewerber in Deutschland. Bonn: Bundesinstitut für berufliche Bildung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Imdorf, C. (2008). Migrantenjugendliche in der betrieblichen Ausbildungsplatzvergabe – Auch ein Problem für die Kommunen. In M. Bommes & M. Krüger-Potratz (Eds.), Migrationsreport 2008. Fakten – Analysen – Perspektiven (pp. 113–158). Frankfurt/Main: Campus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohli, M. (1985). Die Institutionalisierung des Lebenslaufs – Historische Befunde und theoretische Argumente. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 37, 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger, H. (1999). Gender and skills. Distributive ramifications of the german skill system. In P. D. Culpepper & D. Finegold (Eds.), The German skills machine: Sustaining comparative advantage in a global economy (pp. 189–227). New York/Oxford: Berghahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lex, T. (1997). Berufswege Jugendlicher zwischen Integration und Ausgrenzung. Munich: Juventa-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Migrationsbeauftragte. (2007). 7. Bericht der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration über die Lage der Ausländerinnen und Ausländer in Deutschland. Berlin: Bundesregierung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neugarten, B. L., Moore, J. W., & Lowe, J. C. (1965). Age norms, age constraints, and adult socialization. American Journal of Sociology, 70(6), 710–717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohwer, G., & Trappe, H. (1997). Describing life course. An illustration based on NLSY data. Paper delivered POLIS Project conference at the European University Institute on Feb 28 – Mar 1, 1997. Florence/Italy. www.stat.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/papers/polis.ps Accessed on May 15 2007

  • Sackmann, R., & Wingens, M. (2001). Theoretische Konzepte des Lebenslaufs: Übergang, Sequenz und Verlauf. In R. Sackmann & M. Wingens (Eds.), Strukturen des Lebenslaufs: Übergang – Sequenz – Verlauf (pp. 17–48). Weinheim: Juventa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiel, S., Gilberg, R., Aust, F., & Schröder, H. (2006). Bildungswege und Berufsbiographie von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Anschluss an allgemein bildende Schulen: Methodenbericht. Bonn: infas (Institut für angewandte Sozialwissenschaft GmbH).

    Google Scholar 

  • Settersten, R. A. J., & Mayer, K. U. (1997). The measurement of age, age structuring, and the life course. Annual Reviews in Sociology, 23(1), 233–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence: Modelling change and event occurrence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solga, H. (2000). Displacement and selection. Two explanations for the increasing vulnerability of less-educated persons. (Independent research group working paper 2/2000). Berlin: Max-Planck-Institute for Educational Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solga, H. (2002). Ausbildungslose und ihre soziale Ausgrenzung (Working Paper 4/2002). Berlin: Max-Planck-Institut für Bildungsforschung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solga, H. (2003). Das Paradox der integrierten Ausgrenzung von gering qualifizierten Jugendlichen. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte: Beilage zur Wochenzeitung Das Parlament, B21–22, 19–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solga, H., & Wagner, S. (2001). Paradoxie der Bildungsexpansion: Die doppelte Benachteiligung von Hauptschülern. Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 4(1), 107–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solga, H., & Wagner, S. (2007). Die Zurückgelassenen – Die soziale Verarmung der Lernumwelt von Hauptschülerinnen und Hauptschülern. In R. Becker & W. Lauterbach (Eds.), Bildung als Privileg. Erklärungen und Befunde zu den Ursachen der Bildungsungleichheit (pp. 187–215). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, J. G., & Granato, M. (2006). “Also, was soll ich noch machen, damit die mich nehmen?” Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund und ihre Ausbildungschancen. In Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Ed.), Kompetenzen stärken, Qualifikationen verbessern, Potenziale nutzen: Berufliche Bildung von Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit Migrationshintergrund. Dokumentation einer Fachkonferenz der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung und des Bundesinstituts für Berufsbildung(pp. 30–50). Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walther, A., Stauber, B., Pohl, A., & Seifert, H. (2004). Potentials of participation and informal learning in young people’s transitions to the labour market: A comparative analysis in ten European regions. National report: Transitions to work, youth policies and ‘Participation’ in Germany. Tübingen: Institute for Regional Innovation and Social Research (IRIS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Windzio, M., & Grotheer, M. (2002). Bleiben die Erfolgreichen übrig? Die Kombination von Sequenzmusteranalyse und log-linearen Pfadmodellen bei der Analyse des Zusammenhangs von Berufserfolg und Panelmortalität. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 31(6), 514–528.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Political Science, University of Siegen, 57068, Siegen, Germany

    Can Aybek

Authors
  1. Can Aybek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Can Aybek .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bremen International Graduate School of, Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Matthias Wingens

  2. AG Migration und Stadtforschung, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Michael Windzio

  3. , Department of Social Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussel, 1055, Belgium

    Helga de Valk

  4. Bremen International Graduate School of, Social Sciences (BIGSSS), Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany

    Can Aybek

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Aybek, C. (2011). Varying Hurdles for Low-Skilled Youth on the Way to the Labour Market. In: Wingens, M., Windzio, M., de Valk, H., Aybek, C. (eds) A Life-Course Perspective on Migration and Integration. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1545-5_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation