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Role of Members of the Nur (NR4A) Transcription Factors in Dopamine-Related Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

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The Handbook of Neuropsychiatric Biomarkers, Endophenotypes and Genes

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The control of motor behavior, learning, cognition, motivated behavior and hormone production represent a large series of physiological functions in which dopamine neurotransmission plays an important role. Clinical evidences suggest that dopaminergic pathways are altered in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. A gradual loss of midbrain dop-amine producing cells results in an extensive dopamine depletion that is accompanied by characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The main treatment for Parkinson's disease is based on dopamine replacement using the precursor L-DOPA for the biosynthesis of endogenous dopamine. At the other end of the spectrum, hyperactivity of the limbic dopamine system is thought to be a prominent driving force in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Although these disorders are well characterized in term of clinical symptoms, biological substrates underlying their symptopathologies remain elusive. In recent years, data supporting an important role for transcription factors of the Nur (NR4A) nuclear receptor subgroup in dopamine-mediated neurotransmission have emerged. Interestingly, modulation of Nur gene expression can be observed in brain pathological conditions and treatment of dopamine-related disorders, as evidenced by the modulation of these transcription factors in animal models of Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia and in post mortem human brain tissues from naïve and treated patients. This suggests that monitoring Nur expression might represent interesting biomarkers for dopamine-related disorders and their treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Daniel Lévesque (Associate Professor, Senior Scientist)

  2. Neuroscience Research Centre, Université Laval Hospital Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada

    Claude Rouillard (Professor)

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  1. Daniel Lévesque
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  2. Claude Rouillard
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa

    Michael S. Ritsner M.D., Ph.D. (Associate Professor of Psychiatry, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion) (Associate Professor of Psychiatry, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion)

  2. Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Hadera, Israel

    Michael S. Ritsner M.D., Ph.D. (Associate Professor of Psychiatry, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion) (Associate Professor of Psychiatry, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion)

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Lévesque, D., Rouillard, C. (2009). Role of Members of the Nur (NR4A) Transcription Factors in Dopamine-Related Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Ritsner, M.S. (eds) The Handbook of Neuropsychiatric Biomarkers, Endophenotypes and Genes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2298-1_11

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