Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Self-Organizing Computing Systems: Songline Processors

  • Chapter
Advances in Applied Self-Organizing Systems

Part of the book series: Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing ((AI&KP))

Abstract

Theory is at the threshold of understanding how to translate self-organizing principles and processes to human-formed systems. However, practice lags behind theory. This chapter endeavours to provide inroads into the application of self-organization principles to one aspect of electronics systems, namely, digital logic. In this chapter we present research done on the design of the FPGA and its low level logic behavior to develop self-organizing primitives that can be used to structure the logical levels above it, or can be invoked by those upper logical levels. We view this as foundational work toward the eventual integration of self-organizing behavior into digital logic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ababei, C., Maidee, P., & Bazargan, K. (2004). Exploring potential benefits of 3D FPGA integration. In Field-programmable logic and its applications (pp. 874–880). Heidelberg: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Abdi, H. (1994). A neural network primer. Journal of Biological Systems, 2(3), 247–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alam, S., Troxel, D., & Thompson, C. (2002). A comprehensive layout methodology and layout-specific circuit analyses for three-dimensional integrated circuits. In ISQED international symposium on quality electronic design, 2000 (p. 246). Washington: IEEE Computer Society.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M., Cohoon, J., Colflesh, J., Karro, J., & Robins, G. (1995). Three-dimensional field-programmable gate arrays. In Proceedings of the eighth annual IEEE international ASIC conference and exhibit, 1995 (pp. 253–256).

    Google Scholar 

  • Amplified Parts (2012). Spring reverb tanks explained and compared. http://www.amplifiedparts.com/tech_corner/spring_reverb_tanks_explained_and_compared. Retrieved November 2012.

  • Arms, K., & Camp, P. (1987). Biology (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aspray, W., & Burks, A. (1987). Charles Babbage Institute reprint series for the history of computing: Vol. 12. Papers of John von Neumann on computing and computer theory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bachman, G., & Narici, L. (1966). Functional analysis. San Diego: Academic Press.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Borriello, G., Ebeling, C., Hauck, S., & Burns, S. (1995). The Triptych FPGA architecture. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, 3(4), 491–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boubekeur, A., Patry, J., Saucier, G., & Trilhe, J. (1992). Configuring a wafer-scale two-dimensional array of single-bit processors. Computer, 25(4), 29–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, S., Kuhn, C., Jacobs, K., MacKenzie, J., Ramsdale, C., Arias, A., Watts, J., Etchells, M., Chalmers, K., Devine, P., et al. (2004). Printing of polymer thin-film transistors for active-matrix-display applications. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 11, 599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cakmakci, O., & Koyuncu, M. (2000). Integrated electronic systems in flexible and washable fibers. Filed with the United States Patent Office and the European Patent Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cakmakci, O., Koyuncu, M., & Eber-Koyuncu, M. (2001). Fiber computing. In Proc. of the workshop on distributed and disappearing user interfaces in ubiquitous computing, CHI.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cell Matrix Corporation (2006a). Bibliography for cell matrix-related research. http://www.cellmatrix.com/entryway/products/pub/bibliography.html.

  • Cell Matrix Corporation (2006b). Cell matrix software. http://www.cellmatrix.com/entryway/products/software/software.html.

  • Cell Matrix Corporation (2006c). MOD 88 online viewer. http://cellmatrix.dyndns.org:12001/cgi-bin/mod88/obs2.cgi?.

  • Chatwin, B. (1986). The songlines. Baltimore: Penguin Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1859). The origin of species by means of natural selection: or, the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: Murray.

    Google Scholar 

  • DePreitere, J. et al. (1994). An optoelectronic 3D field programmable gate array. In W. Hartenstein, M. Servit, & (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 849. Field-programmable logic: architectures, synthesis, and applications. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deutsch, L., & Schiffman, A. (1984). Efficient implementation of the smalltalk-80 system. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN symposium on principles of programming languages (pp. 297–302). Salt Lake City: ACM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, R. (1989). Design goals and implementation of the new high performance file system. Microsoft Systems Journal, 4(5), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durbeck, L., & Macias, N. (2001a). Autonomously self-repairing circuits (NASA SBIR Phase II Proposal).

    Google Scholar 

  • Durbeck, L., & Macias, N. (2001b). Autonomously self-repairing circuits (NASA SBIR Phase I Final Report).

    Google Scholar 

  • Durbeck, L., & Macias, N. (2001c). Self-configurable parallel processing system made from self-dual code/data processing cells utilizing a non-shifting memory. US Patent 6,222,381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durbeck, L., & Macias, N. (2001d). The cell matrix—an architecture for nanocomputing. Nanotechnology, 12(3), 217–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durbeck, L., & Macias, N. (2002). Defect-tolerant, fine-grained parallel testing of a cell matrix. In Proceedings of SPIE ITCom (Vol. 4867). Boston: SPIE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, C., Johri, V., Patwardhan, J., Lebeck, A., & Sorin, D. (2004a). Design tools for self-assembling nanoscale technology. Nanotechnology, 15(9), 1240–1245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, C., Poulton, J., Taylor, R., & Vicci, L. (2004b). DNA self-assembled parallel computer architectures. Nanotechnology, 15(11), 1688–1694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckert, J. P., et al. (1971). The UNIVAC system. New York: McGraw-Hill, reprinted in Computer structures: readings and examples.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edmison, J., Jones, M., Nakad, Z., & Martin, T. (2002). Using piezoelectric materials for wearable electronic textiles. In Proceedings of sixth international symposium on wearable computers (ISWC 2002) (pp. 41–48). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, T. (1987). Heavy-ion-induced, gate-rupture in power MOSFETs. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 34(6), 1786–1791.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration, Munich (2006). Department of Si Technology and Vertical System Integration. http://www.izm-m.fraunhofer.de/files/fraunhofer2/si-technology__vsi.pdf. Accessed 10/31/2006.

  • Fuchs, W., & Swartzlander, E. Jr (1992). Wafer-scale integration: architectures and algorithms. Computer, 25(4), 6–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, G., & Tyrrell, A. (2006). Introduction to evolvable hardware. New York: Wiley/IEEE Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Haldane, J. (1931). The philosophical basis of life.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heisenberg, W. (1927). Werner Heisenberg, in a letter to Wolfgang Pauli. February 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  • IEEE (1989–1995). Proceedings of the international conference on wafer scale integration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamins, T., & Williams, R. (2001). Trends in nanotechnology: self-assembly and defect tolerance. In Proc. NSF partnership in nanotechnology conf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman, S. (1993). The origins of order: self-organization and selection in evolution. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J., Hopfield, J., & Winfree, E. (2004). Neural network computation by in vitro transcriptional circuits. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 17, 681–688.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kluwer (1998). Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 17(1–2). Special issue on Field-Programmable Analog Arrays.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koza, J. (1992). Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection. Cambridge: Bradford Book.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Leeser, M., Meleis, W., Vai, M., & Zavracky, P. (1997). Rothko: a three dimensional FPGA architecture, its fabrication, and design tools. In Seventh international workshop on field programmable logic and applications. London: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennox, J. (2001). Aristotle’s philosophy of biology: studies in the origins of life science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, W. A. (2006). Advanced flexible polymeric substrates. In H. Klauk (Ed.), Organic electronics: materials, manufacturing & its applications. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N. (1999). The PIG paradigm: the design and use of a massively parallel fine grained self-reconfigurable infinitely scalable architecture. In Proceedings of the first NASA/DOD workshop on evolvable hardware (EH’99). Pasadena: IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N. (2001). Circuits and sequences for enabling remote access to and control of non-adjacent cells in a locally self-reconfigurable processing system composed of self-dual processing cells. US Patent 6,297,667.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N. (2006). Cell matrix place and route tool: changes and improvements. White Paper delivered to Los Alamos National Laboratory under sub-contract #90843-001-04 4x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N., & Durbeck, L. (2002). Self-assembling circuits with autonomous fault handling. In Proceedings of NASA/DoD conference on evolvable hardware, 2000 (pp. 46–55). Washington: IEEE.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N., & Durbeck, L. (2004). Adaptive methods for growing electronic circuits on an imperfect synthetic matrix. Biosystems, 73(3), 172–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N., & Durbeck, L. (2005a). Unpublished white papers and talks delivered to Los Alamos National Laboratory under sub-contract #90843-001-04 4x.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N., & Durbeck, L. (2005b). A hardware implementation of the cell matrix self-configurable architecture: the cell matrix MOD 88. In Proceedings of 2005 NASA/DoD conference on evolvable hardware (pp. 103–106). Washington: IEEE.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N., & Raju, M. D. (2001). Method and apparatus for automatic high-speed bypass routing in a cell matrix self-configurable hardware system. US Patent 6,577,159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macias, N., Henry, L. III, & Raju, M. (1999). Self-reconfigurable parallel processor made from regularly-connected self-dual code/data processing cells. US Patent 5,886,537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mange, D., Sipper, M., Stauffer, A., & Tempesti, G. (2000). Toward self-repairing and self-replicating hardware: the embryonics approach. In Proceedings of the second NASA/DoD workshop on evolvable hardware, 2000 (pp. 205–214). Palo Alto: IEEE.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marculescu, D., Marculescu, R., Zamora, N., Stanley-Marbell, P., Khosla, P., Park, S., Jayaraman, S., Jung, S., Lauterbach, C., & Weber, W. (2003). Electronic textiles: a platform for pervasive computing. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(12), 1995–2018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, T. (2006). Tom Martin’s Wearable Electronic Textiles research group at Virginia Tech. http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/etextiles/, http://www.ccm.ece.vt.edu/etextiles/publications/. Accessed 10/31/2006.

  • Martin, T., Jones, M., Edmison, J., & Shenoy, R. (2003). Towards a design framework for wearable electronic textiles. In Proceedings of seventh IEEE international symposium on wearable computers, 2003 (pp. 190–199).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Meleis, W., Leeser, M., Zavracky, P., & Vai, M. (1997). Architectural design of a three dimensional FPGA. In Proceedings of seventeenth conference on advanced research in VLSI, 1997 (pp. 256–268). Ann Arbor: IEEE.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Misc (2006). International Journal of Chip-Scale Electronics, Flip-Chip Technology, Optoelectronic Interconnection and Wafer-Level Packaging. http://www.chipscalereview.com. Accessed 10/31/2006.

  • Montemerlo, M., Love, J., Opiteck, G., Goldhaber-Gordon, D., & Ellenbogen, J. (1996). Technologies and designs for electronic nanocomputers (MITRE Tech. Rep. MTR 96W0000044). The MITRE Corporation, McLean, VA. July.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortega-Sanchez, C., Mange, D., Smith, S., & Tyrrell, A. (2000). Embryonics: a bio-inspired cellular architecture with fault-tolerant properties. Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 1(3), 187–215.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Page, I. (1996). Constructing hardware-software systems from a single description. Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 12(1), 87–107.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Park, S., Pistol, C., Ahn, S., Reif, J., Lebeck, A., Dwyer, C., & LaBean, T. (2006). Finite-size, fully-addressable DNA tile lattices formed by hierarchical assembly procedures. Angewandte Chemie, 45, 735–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patwardhan, J., Dwyer, C., Lebeck, A., & Sorin, D. (2004). Circuit and system architecture for DNA-guided self-assembly of nanoelectronics. In Proceedings of 2004 conference on foundations of nanoscience: self-assembled architectures and devices (pp. 344–358). Snowbird: Science Technica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patwardhan, J., Dwyer, C., Lebeck, A., & Sorin, D. (2006). NANA: a nano-scale active network architecture. ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, 2(1), 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearn, J. (2000). Email conversation with. N. Macias, May 2000. http://www.artificialbrains.com.

  • Pistol, C., Lebeck, A., & Dwyer, C. (2006). Design automation for DNA self-assembled nanostructures. In Proceedings of the 43rd annual conference on design automation (pp. 919–924). New York: ACM.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Plastic Logic (2006). Plastic Logic, developer of printed flexible thin film transistor (TFT) arrays. http://www.plasticlogic.com/technology.php. Accessed 10/31/2006.

  • Prodan, L., Tempesti, G., Mange, D., & Stauffer, A. (2003). Embryonics: electronic stem cells. In H. Abbass, R. Standish, & M. Bedau (Eds.), Artificial Life VIII: proceedings of the eighth international conference on artificial life (pp. 101–105). Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, B., & Seeman, N. (1987). The design of a biochip: a self-assembling molecular-scale memory device. Protein Engineering Design and Selection, 1, 295–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rothemund, P., Papadakis, N., & Winfree, E. (2004). Algorithmic self-assembly of DNA Sierpinski triangles. PLoS Biology, 2(12), 2041–2053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabalan Group (2006). Textile history. http://www.sabalangroup.com/aboutus-history-textilehist-en.html.

  • Sagan, H. (1994). Space-filling curves. Berlin: Springer.

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Saha, C., Bellis, S., Mathewson, A., & Popovici, E. (2004). Performance enhancement defect tolerance in the cell matrix architecture. In Proceedings of MIEL (Vol. 2, pp. 777–780).

    Google Scholar 

  • Saucier, G., & Trilhe, J. (1986). Wafer scale integration. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saucier, G., Patry, J., & Kouka, E. (1988). Defect tolerance in a wafer scale array for image processing. In Proc. int’l workshop on defect and fault tolerance in VLSI systems, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, October (Vol. 8, pp. 8.2-1–8.2-13).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmit, H. (1997). Incremental reconfiguration for pipelined applications. In IEEE symposium on FPGAs for custom computing machines (pp. 47–55). Napa: IEEE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeman, N. (1982). Nucleic acid junctions and lattices. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 99(2), 237–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seeman, N. (2003). Biochemistry and structural DNA nanotechnology: an evolving symbiotic relationship. Biochemistry, 42(24), 7259–7269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sirringhaus, H., Sele, C. W., von Werne, T., & Ramsdale, C. (2006). Manufacturing of organic transistor circuits by solution-based printing. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stan, M., Franzon, P., Goldstein, S., Lach, J., & Ziegler, M. (2003). Molecular electronics: from devices and interconnect to circuits and architecture. Proceedings of the IEEE, 91(11), 1940–1957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, A. (1996). An evolved circuit, intrinsic in silicon, entwined with physics. In Proceedings of the first international conference on evolvable systems: from biology to hardware (pp. 390–405). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimberger, S. (1998). Scheduling designs into a time-multiplexed FPGA. In Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/SIGDA sixth international symposium on field programmable gate arrays (pp. 153–160). New York: ACM.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Vinge, V. (1993). Technological singularity In VISION-21 symposium sponsored by NASA Lewis Research Center and the Ohio Aerospace Institute, March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waskiewicz, A., Groninger, J., Strahan, V., & Long, D. (1986). Burnout of power MOS transistors with heavy ions of Californium-252. In IEEE, DNA, Sandia National Laboratories, and NASA, 1986, 23rd annual conference on nuclear and space radiation effects, Providence, RI, 21–23 July 1986. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (ISSN 0018-9499), 33(pt 1):1710–1713.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wellekens, D., & Van Houdt, J. (2008). The future of flash memory: is floating gate technology doomed to lose the race? In 2008 international conference on integrated circuit design and technology (pp. 189–194).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Winfree, E. (1998). Simulations of computing by self-assembly (Caltech CS Technical Report 1998.22).

    Google Scholar 

  • Winfree, E. (2003). DNA computing by self-assembly. The Bridge, 33(4), 31–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winfree, E., & Bekbolatov, R. (2004). Proofreading tile sets: error-correction for algorithmic self-assembly. DNA Computing, 9, 126–144.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Winfree, E., Liu, F., Wenzler, L., & Seeman, N. (1998). Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals. Nature, 394(6693), 539–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, W. S., Daniel, J. H., Chabinyc, M. L., Arias, A. C., Ready, S. E., & Lujan, R. (2006). Thin-film transistor fabrication by digital lithography.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt, P., & Raffel, J. (1989). Restructurable VLSI—a demonstrated wafer-scale technology. In Proceedings of 1st international conference on wafer scale integration, 1989 (pp. 13–20).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Xilinx, I. (2006). Xilinx, Inc. http://www.xilinx.com. Accessed 10/31/2006.

  • Zeng, A., Lu, J., Rose, K., & Gutmann, R. (2005). First-order performance prediction of cache memory with wafer—level 3D integration. IEEE Design & Test of Computers, 22(6), 548–555.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Matrix Corporation, 1901 Gardenspring Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24060-6015, USA

    Nicholas J. Macias & Lisa J. K. Durbeck

Authors
  1. Nicholas J. Macias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lisa J. K. Durbeck
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nicholas J. Macias .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. ICT Centre, CSIRO, Marsfield, New South Wales, Australia

    Mikhail Prokopenko

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Macias, N.J., Durbeck, L.J.K. (2013). Self-Organizing Computing Systems: Songline Processors. In: Prokopenko, M. (eds) Advances in Applied Self-Organizing Systems. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5113-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5113-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-5112-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-5113-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation