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The LTR-Retrotransposons of Maize

  • Chapter
Handbook of Maize

The maize genome comprises 150,000–250,000 long terminal repeat (LTR)-retrotransposons, mostly in nested clusters, intermingled with other transpos-able elements and, more rarely, genes. All told, the genomic landscape of maize is 50–80% retrotransposons. Myriad families exist but >80% of maize retrotransposons belong to the five largest: Opie-Ji, Cinful-Zeon, Huck, Prem1 and Grande. Closely related to animal retroviruses, retrotransposons utilize an RNA intermediate to initiate their transposition. Despite extensive proliferation they are nevertheless suppressed by a variety of mechanisms, including DNA methylation, conversion to heterochromatin and various types of recombinational deletion. Retrotransposons play a large role in the size, structure, gene function and haplotype variation of the maize genome.

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  1. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, Canada

    Phillip SanMiguel

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  2. Clémentine Vitte
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  1. Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602–7223, USA

    Jeffrey L. Bennetzen

  2. USDA Plant Gene Expression Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA, 94710, USA

    Sarah Hake

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SanMiguel, P., Vitte, C. (2009). The LTR-Retrotransposons of Maize. In: Bennetzen, J.L., Hake, S. (eds) Handbook of Maize. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77863-1_15

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