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Tailoring Ultralight Hybrid Aerogels from Novel Porous Materials for the Removal of Dyes from Water

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Advanced Removal Techniques for Dye-containing Wastewaters

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Abstract

Dyes are extensively used as colouring agents and are significantly beneficial to a variety of textile, leather, plastic, and paper manufacturing industries. However, dyes belong to a major class of organic molecules that are commonly contaminating water sources triggering major environmental hazards. The poor biodegradation abilities of these dyes due to the complex molecular structure make them pseudo-persistent in the environment. Additionally, exposure to dyes can be hazardous to human health and can cause carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. Therefore, the elimination of such toxic dyes from contaminated wastewater is of great prominence. Nevertheless, advances in water treatment techniques have steered several evolutionary methods for the removal of dyes from water. Several techniques such as adsorption, membrane separation, photocatalytic, biological treatment, and many others are routinely explored for water decontamination. However, such new-generation dye removal techniques mandate novel materials to reprocess contaminated water. Aerogels are one such advanced class of ultralight porous materials that are lately used for dye adsorption. Constructed by open porous networks, aerogels offer extremely low densities, large empty spaces, and macroporous structures. Such intriguing properties provide relaxed diffusion kinetics and admittance to the active sites for adsorption. Additionally, by coupling various porous materials, lightweight aerogels are fabricated to resolve handling and recovery issues from contaminated wastewaters. This chapter proposes to highlight some of the major progressions made towards the use of ultralight aerogels for the removal of various toxic dyes. Eventually, this review categorises aerogels developed for dye elimination into two main classifications, specifically, the biopolymer-based aerogels, and carbon-based aerogels. Progressions made by these categories have been thoroughly reviewed with special emphasis on the advantages and future perspectives have been proposed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors recognise the provision delivered by Department of Science and Technology DST (TDP/BDTD/32/2019), India and CNMS-JAIN Deemed-to-be University, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be-University), Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India

    Richelle M. Rego, Mahaveer D. Kurkuri & Madhuprasad Kigga

  2. Department of Chemistry, N. M. A. M. Institute of Technology, Nitte, Udupi, 574110, Karnataka, India

    Subrahmanya Ishwar Bhat

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  1. Richelle M. Rego
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  2. Subrahmanya Ishwar Bhat
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  3. Mahaveer D. Kurkuri
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  4. Madhuprasad Kigga
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Correspondence to Mahaveer D. Kurkuri or Madhuprasad Kigga .

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  1. Head of Sustainability, SgT and API, Kowloon, Hong Kong

    Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu

  2. Islamic Azad University of Shahre Rey Branch, Teheran, Iran

    Ali Khadir

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Rego, R.M., Bhat, S.I., Kurkuri, M.D., Kigga, M. (2021). Tailoring Ultralight Hybrid Aerogels from Novel Porous Materials for the Removal of Dyes from Water. In: Muthu, S.S., Khadir, A. (eds) Advanced Removal Techniques for Dye-containing Wastewaters. Sustainable Textiles: Production, Processing, Manufacturing & Chemistry. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3164-1_2

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