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Biomass-Based CO2 Adsorbents for Biogas Upgradation with Pressure Swing Adsorption

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Climate Change and Green Chemistry of CO2 Sequestration

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

Numerous types of adsorbents have been studied and used in industrial scale during upgradation of biogas by employing pressure swing adsorption. This chapter provides an insight into the working principle, efficiency, and energy consumption of this method in comparison with other processes. The most recent advancement includes the addition of subsequent units, omissions of additional stages, and the use of novel adsorbents in the process that determine the productivity, separation efficiency, and cost of the technology. Based on the literature review, research gaps were identified concerning the biogas upgradation to deliver renewable natural gas to the combined heat and power industries or to the natural gas pipelines as a vehicular fuel. The main setbacks for this sustainable sector are initially due to the digester conditions that lower the biomass conversion to methane, inadequate pre-treatment of biogas for removal of other contaminants, followed by production and selection of appropriate low-cost adsorbent in the final upgradation stage to maximize carbon dioxide elimination. In recent years, biowastes have been found to have the potential of transforming into mesoporous and nanoporous adsorbents upon carbonization and activation techniques which would enhance the adsorption activity. Also, reformation of the simple biochemical and thermochemical methods has intensified the methane yield at digester and reactor levels, respectively. Nonetheless, analyzing the effects of the process parameters for upgradation of biogas and production of adsorbents will lead to further investigation and innovative outcomes. Conclusions are drawn to augment the recent developments and sustainable technologies for broader adoption of renewable natural gas.

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Abbreviations

AC:

Activated carbon

AD:

Anaerobic digesters

AF:

Anaerobic fermentation

CCS:

Carbon capture and storage

CHP:

Combined heat and power

EDS:

Energy-dispersive spectrometer

ESA:

Electric swing adsorption

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

HHV:

Higher heating value

HPWS:

High-pressure water scrubbing

HTC:

Hydrothermal carbonization

LNG:

Liquified natural gas

MOFs:

Metal organic frameworks

PSA:

Pressure swing adsorption

RNG:

Renewable natural gas

SRT:

Solid retention time

SSA:

Specific surface area

TSA:

Temperature swing adsorption

VOCs:

Volatile organic compounds

WWTP:

Wastewater treatment plant

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the NSERC Discovery Grant No. 400495 and Shrimp Canada, 67 Watson Rd. S (Unit -2), Guelph, Ontario N1L 1E3, Canada.

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  1. 107-1204 Main Street East, Milton, L9T9K7, Canada

    Pragyan P. Garnaik

  2. Shrimp Canada, 65 Periwinkle Way, Guelph, ON, N1L 1J2, Canada

    Ranjan R. Pradhan

  3. School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Ranjan R. Pradhan, Yi Wai Chiang & Animesh Dutta

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    Malti Goel

  2. Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, India

    T. Satyanarayana

  3. Centre for Marine Living Resources and Ecology, Kochi, Kerala, India

    Maruthadu Sudhakar

  4. Climate Change Research Institute, New Delhi, India

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Garnaik, P.P., Pradhan, R.R., Chiang, Y.W., Dutta, A. (2021). Biomass-Based CO2 Adsorbents for Biogas Upgradation with Pressure Swing Adsorption. In: Goel, M., Satyanarayana, T., Sudhakar, M., Agrawal, D.P. (eds) Climate Change and Green Chemistry of CO2 Sequestration. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0029-6_14

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