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Overview of Uremic Toxins

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Uremic Toxins and Organ Failure

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on the overview of uremic toxins. More than 100 uremic toxins have been reported to be retained in uremic serum. Uremic toxins include small water-soluble compounds (molecular weight <500 Da), protein-bound compounds (mostly molecular weight <500 Da), and middle molecules (molecular weight ≧500 Da). Hemodialysis with a high-flux membrane can efficiently remove not only the small water-soluble compounds but also the middle molecules. However, hemodialysis even with a high-flux membrane cannot efficiently remove the protein-bound compounds because of their high albumin-binding property. The retention of the protein-bound compounds in the blood of uremic patients might play an important role in the development of uremic complications such as cardiovascular disease, bone disease, and sarcopenia. Mass spectrometry has been successfully applied to identify and quantify the uremic toxins in the uremic blood and tissues, and have enabled the identification of novel uremic toxins, and elucidated their role in the uremic complications.

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  1. Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan

    Toshimitsu Niwa

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  1. Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

    Hideyuki Saito

  2. Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan

    Takaaki Abe

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Niwa, T. (2020). Overview of Uremic Toxins. In: Saito, H., Abe, T. (eds) Uremic Toxins and Organ Failure. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7793-2_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7793-2_1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-15-7792-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-15-7793-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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