Abstract
In this chapter, the Arctic is put in relation to increasing tourism to the North caused not least by increasing geopolitical interests in combination with the focus climate change is putting on the area, here referred to as Arctification. The growth of tourism, and the dispersion or concentration of tourists, has led to new challenges characterized as overtourism that in an Arctic context materializes on a microscale, where small communities can experience relatively large numbers of tourists for a limited time period. The implications of this increase and changing flow require more in-depth or locally based research. This chapter ends by asking what effects there might be of anti-tourism social movements, xenophobia or climate change in the future?
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Árnadottir, R. E. (2019). Nordic tourism policy analysis. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers. https://doi.org/10.6027/Nord2019-008.
Britton, S. J. (1991). Tourism, capital, and place: Towards a critical geography of tourism. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 9(1991), 461–478.
Brouder, P. (2012). Creative Outposts: Tourism’s Place in Rural Innovation, Tourism Planning & Development, 9:4, 383–396.
Butler, R. W. (2019). Overtourism and the tourism area life cycle. In R. Dodds & R. W. Butler (Eds.), Overtourism. Issues, realities and solutions. (pp.76–90). Berlin: De Gruyter.
Byström, J. (2019). Mines, tourism and related diversification in the Swedish far north. Umeå: Department of Geography.
Bystrowska, M. (2019). The impact of sea ice on cruise tourism on Svalbard. Arctic, 72(2), 151–165.
Bystrowska, M., & Dawson, J. (2017). Making places: The role of Arctic cruise operators in ‘creating’ tourism destinations. Polar Geography, 40(3), 208–226.
Carson, D. A., & Carson, D. B. (2018). International lifestyle immigrants and their contributions to rural tourism innovation: Experiences from Sweden’s far north. Journal of Rural Studies, 64, 230–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.08.004.
Dodds, K., & Hemmings, A. D. (2018). Arctic and Antarctic regionalism. In A. Paasi, J. Harrison, & M. Jones (Eds.), Handbook on the geographies of regions and territories (pp. 489–503). Edward Elgar: Cheltenham.
Eurostat. (2019). Night spent at tourist accommodation establishments by NUTS 2 regions. Available at: www.appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
Goodwin, H. (2017, October). The challenge of overtourism. Responsible tourism partnership working paper 4.
Government Offices of Sweden. (2011). Sweden’s strategy for the Arctic region. Retrieved December 30, 2019, from https://www.government.se/country-and-regional-strategies/2011/10/swedens-strategy-for-the-arctic-region/
Gravari-Barbas, M., & Jacquot, S. (2017). No conflict? Discourses and management of tourism-related tension in Paris. In C. Colomb & J. Novy (Eds.), Protest and resistance in the tourist city. London: Routledge.
Hamilton, J. M., Maddison, D. J., & Tol, R. S. (2005). Climate change and international tourism: A simulation study. Global Environmental Change, 15(3), 253–266.
Harvey, D. (1990). The condition of postmodernity. Malden: Blackwell.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F., Carnicelli, S., Krolikowski, C., Wijesinghe, G., & Boluk, K. (2019). Degrowing tourism: Rethinking tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(12), 1926–1944.
Ioannides, D., Röslmaier, M., & van der Zee, E. (2018). Airbnb as an instigator of ‘tourism bubble’ expansion in Utrecht’s Lombok neighbourhood. Tourism Geographies. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2018.1454505.
IPCC. (2014). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva: IPCC.
Kauppila, P. (2011). Cores and peripheries in a northern periphery: A case study in Finland. Fennia, 189(1), 20–31.
Kinisjärvi, M. (2019, November 1). Rovaniemellä DAS:n opiskelija-asuntoja on Airbnb-sivustolla: Opiskelija-asunnon luvaton jälleenvuokraus voi viedä katon pään päältä. Lapin Kansa. Retrieved February 13, 2020, from https://www.lapinkansa.fi/rovaniemella-dasn-opiskelija-asuntoja-on-airbnb-si/317714
Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 2018(10), 4384. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124384.
Lapin Liitto. (2019). Lapin matkailustrategia 2020–2023. Retrieved February 13, 2020, from http://www.lappi.fi/c/document_library/get_file?folderId=18283&name=DLFE-35916.pdf
Lemelin, H., Dawson, J., Stewart, E. J., Maher, P., & Lueck, M. (2010). Last-chance tourism: The boom, doom, and gloom of visiting vanishing destinations. Current Issues in Tourism, 13(5), 477–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500903406367.
Lundmark, L., & Åberg, K. G. (2019). How Modest Tourism Development Becomes Successful: The Complementarity of Tourism in Malå Municipality. In R. L. Koster & D. A. Carson (Eds.), Perspectives on Rural Tourism Geographies: Case Studies from Developed Nations on the Exotic, the Fringe and the Boring Bits in Between (pp. 221–241). Cham: Springer.
Lundmark, L., & Müller, D. K. (2010). The supply of nature-based tourism activities in Sweden. Tourism, 58, 379–393.
Marsiglio, S. (2017). On the carrying capacity and the optimal number of visitors in tourist destinations. Tourism Economics, 23(3), 632–646.
Miettunen, O. (2019, September 19). Turistisesongit ja väestön ikääntyminen rasittavat terveydenhoitoa Inarissa. Lapin Kansa. Retrieved February 14, 2020, from https://www.lapinkansa.fi/turistisesongit-ja-vaeston-ikaantyminen-rasittavat/211651
Milano, C., Novelli, M., & Cheer, J. M. (2019). Overtourism and tourismphobia: a journey through four decades of tourism development, planning and local concerns. Tourism Planning & Development, 16(4), 353–357.
Muler Gonzalez, V., Coromina, L., & Galí, N. (2018). Overtourism: Residents’ perceptions of tourism impact as an indicator of resident social carrying capacity – Case study of a Spanish heritage town. Tourism Review, 73(3), 277–296.
Müller, D. K. (2011). Tourism development in Europe’s “last wilderness”: An assessment of nature-based tourism in Swedish Lapland. In A. A. Grenier & D. K. Müller (Eds.), Polar tourism: A tool for regional development (pp. 129–153). Montreal: Presses de l’Université du Québec.
Müller, D. K. (2013). Hibernating economic decline? Tourism and labour market change in Europe’s northern periphery. In G. Visser & S. Ferreira (Eds.), Tourism and crisis (pp. 123–138). London: Routledge.
Müller, D. K. (2015). Issues in Arctic tourism. In B. Evengård, J. Nymand Larsen, & Ø. Paasche (Eds.), The new Arctic (pp. 147–158). Heidelberg: Springer.
Müller, D. K., & Viken, A. (2017). Indigenous tourism in the Arctic. In A. Viken & D. K. Müller (Eds.), Tourism and indigeneity in the Arctic (pp. 3–15). Bristol: Channel View Publications.
Müller, D. K., Byström, J., Stjernström, O., & Svensson, D. (2019). Making “wilderness” in a northern natural resource periphery: On restructuring and the production of a pleasure periphery in northern Sweden. In E. C. H. Keskitalo (Ed.), The politics of Arctic resources. Change and continuity in the “old north” of northern Europe (pp. 99–118). London: Routledge.
Novy, J. (2018). ‘Destination’ Berlin revisited. From (new) tourism towards a pentagon of mobility and place consumption. Tourism Geographies, 20(3), 418–442.
Olsen, J., & Nenasheva, M. (2018). Adaptive capacity in the context of increasing shipping activities: A case from Solovetsky, northern Russia. Polar Geography, 41(4), 241–261.
Olsen, J., Hovelsrud, G. K., & Kaltenborn, B. (2000). Increased shipping and community engagement: A case from Longyearbyen, Svalbard. In E. Pongrácz, V. Pavlov, & N. Hänninen (Eds.), In search of Arctic marine sustainability: Arctic maritime businesses and resilience of the marine environment (pp. 305–332). Basel: Springer Nature.
Oskam, J. A. (2019). The future of Airbnb and the ‘sharing economy’. The Collaborative Consumption of our Cities. Bristol: Channel View Publ.
Pedersen, K., & Viken, A. (1996). From Sami nomadism to global tourism. In M. F. Price (Ed.), People and Tourism in Fragile Environments (pp. 69–88). Chichester: Wiley
Peeters, P., Gössling, S., Klijs, J., Milano, C., Novelli, M., Dijkmans, C., Eijgelaar, E., Hartman, S., Heslinga, J., Isaac, R., Mitas, O., Nawijn, J., Papp, B., & Postmaa, A. (2018). Research for the TRAN committee – Overtourism: Impact and possible policy responses. Brussels: European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies.
Pike et al. (2006). Local and regional development.
Plichta, J. (2019). The co-management and stakeholders theory as a useful approach to manage the problem of overtourism in historical cities – Illustrated with an example of Krakow. International Journal of Tourism Cities. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-12-2018-0107.
Plieninger, T., et al. (2018). Identifying and assessing the potential for conflict between landscape values and development preferences on the Faroe Islands. Global Environmental Change, 52, 162–180.
Prime Minister’s Office Finland. (2013). Finland’s strategy for the Arctic region 2013. Government resolution on 23 August 2013. Retrieved December 30, 2019, from https://vnk.fi/en/arctic-issues/finlands-arctic-policy
Prokkola, E.-K. (2011). Regionalization, tourism development and partnership: The European Union’s north calotte sub-programme of INTERREG III a north. Tourism Geographies, 13(4), 507–530.
Rantala, O., Hallikainen, V., Ilola, H., & Tuulentie, S. (2018). The softening of adventure tourism. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 18(4), 343–361.
Rantala, O., Barre, S. D. L., Granås, B., Jóhannesson, G. Þ., Müller, D. K., Saarinen, J., & Niskala, M. (2019). Arctic tourism in times of change: Seasonality. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers.
Rončák, M. (2019). Prague and the impact of low-cost airlines. In R. Dodds & R. W. Butler (Eds.), Overtourism. Issues, realities and solutions. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Roussel, S., & Fossum, J. E. (2010). The Arctic is hot again in America and Europe: Introduction to part I. International Journal, 65(4), 799–808. https://doi.org/10.1177/002070201006500411.
Saarinen, J., & Varnajot, A. (2019). The Arctic in tourism: Complementing and contesting perspectives on tourism in the Arctic the Arctic in tourism: Complementing and contesting. Polar Geography, 42(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2019.1578287.
Svt news. (2018, April 5). Politikern jämför turister med terorrister. SVT nyheter. https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/norrbotten/jamfor-turister-med-terrorister. Accessed 25 Feb 2020.
Thearcticroute.com. (n.d.). https://www.thearcticroute.com/. Accessed 14 Feb 2020.
Tiihonen, J. (2019, November 27). Matkailun kasvu on lisännyt pelastustehtäviä Lapissa: varsinkin liikennevahingot ja maastopelastus työllistävät. Yle. Retrieved February 14, 2020, from https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11090254
UNWTO. (2019). International tourism highlights, 2019 edition. Madrid: UNWTO. https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284421152.
Visit Arctic Europe. (2020). VAE II. visitarcticeurope.com/. Accessed 11 Feb 2020.
Acknowledgement
The work presented in this chapter was financed by a grant from the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas): Climate Change and the Double Amplification of Arctic Tourism: Challenges and Potential Solutions for Tourism and Sustainable Development in an Arctic Context.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lundmark, L., Müller, D.K., Bohn, D. (2020). Arctification and the Paradox of Overtourism in Sparsely Populated Areas. In: Lundmark, L., Carson, D.B., Eimermann, M. (eds) Dipping in to the North. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6623-3_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6623-3_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-6622-6
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-6623-3
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)