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Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Artificial Sweeteners in Asian Groundwater: A Review

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Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources

Abstract

The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASs) in groundwater is becoming a growing concern worldwide, because of their potentially adverse effect on human health and aquatic ecosystems. In this chapter, the occurrence, sources, and pathways of various PPCPs and ASs in groundwater in Asia, where groundwater has been an important source of domestic water, are reviewed, based on 23 scholarly publications of field surveys conducted in six countries (China, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Vietnam). For each country, the respective studies are summarized, and detection frequencies and concentrations of 13 representative PPCPs and ASs are compared across the studies. The main sources and pathways of PPCPs and ASs in Asian groundwater were found to be infiltration of contaminated surface waters (e.g., rivers, lakes, and canals) and leakage of wastewater from sewerage systems. The utility of PPCPs and ASs as pollution markers or indicators, and the potential risk to humans and aquatic organisms, of PPCPs and ASs in Asian groundwater, are also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the members of the Laboratory of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry at the Prefectural University of Kumamoto, and the officers of the local governments in Tokyo for their kind help in sample collection and analysis. This study was financially supported by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan, Toyama Prefectural University, and Kurita Water and Environment Foundation (KWEF) research grant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180, Kurokawa, Imizu-City, Toyama, 9390398, Japan

    Keisuke Kuroda

  2. Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100, Tsukide, Higashi-Ku, Kumamoto, 8628502, Japan

    Jun Kobayashi

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Correspondence to Keisuke Kuroda .

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  1. Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Manish Kumar

  2. Water Sciences Laboratory, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Daniel D. Snow

  3. Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

    Ryo Honda

  4. Discipline of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Santanu Mukherjee

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Kuroda, K., Kobayashi, J. (2021). Pharmaceuticals, Personal Care Products, and Artificial Sweeteners in Asian Groundwater: A Review. In: Kumar, M., Snow, D., Honda, R., Mukherjee, S. (eds) Contaminants in Drinking and Wastewater Sources. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4599-3_1

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