Abstract
When the theory of Leavitt path algebras was already quite advanced, it was discovered that some of the more difficult questions were susceptible to a new approach using topological groupoids. The main result that makes this possible is that the Leavitt path algebra of a graph is graded isomorphic to the Steinberg algebra of the graph’s boundary path groupoid. This expository paper has three parts: Part 1 is on the Steinberg algebra of a groupoid, Part 2 is on the path space and boundary path groupoid of a graph, and Part 3 is on the Leavitt path algebra of a graph. It is a self-contained reference on these topics, intended to be useful to beginners and experts alike. While revisiting the fundamentals, we prove some results in greater generality than can be found elsewhere, including the uniqueness theorems for Leavitt path algebras.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Note the subtle difference in notation: we were using Z for basic open sets in \(\partial E\) and now we are using \({\mathcal {Z}}\) for basic open sets in \(\mathcal {G}_E\).
References
G. Abrams, Leavitt path algebras: the first decade. Bull. Math. Sci. 5(1), 59–120 (2015)
G. Abrams, G. Aranda Pino, The Leavitt path algebra of a graph. J. Algebra 293(2), 319–334 (2005)
G. Abrams, G. Aranda Pino, The Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs. Houst. J. Math. 34(2), 423–442 (2008)
G. Abrams, M. Tomforde, Isomorphism and Morita equivalence of graph algebras. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 363(7), 3733–3767 (2011)
G. Abrams, G. Aranda Pino, M. Siles Molina, Finite-dimensional Leavitt path algebras. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 209(3), 753–762 (2007)
G. Abrams, J. Bell, K.M. Rangaswamy, On prime nonprimitive von Neumann regular algebras. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 366(5), 2375–2392 (2014)
G. Abrams, P. Ara, M. Siles Molina, Leavitt Path Algebras. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 2191 (Springer, Berlin, 2017)
A. Alahmedi, H. Alsulami, S. Jain, E.I. Zelmanov, Structure of Leavitt path algebras of polynomial growth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110(38), 15222–15224 (2013)
A.A. Ambily, R. Hazrat, H. Li, Simple flat Leavitt path algebras are von Neumann regular. Commun. Algebra, 1–13 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/00927872.2018.1513015
P. Ánh, L. Márki, Morita equivalence for rings without identity. Tsukuba J. Math. 11(1), 1–16 (1987)
P. Ara, K.R. Goodearl, E. Pardo, \(K_0\) of purely infinite simple regular rings. K-Theory 26(1), 69–100 (2002)
P. Ara, M.A. Moreno, E. Pardo, Nonstable \(K\)-theory for graph algebras. Algebras Represent. Theory 10(2), 157–178 (2007)
P. Ara, J. Bosa, R. Hazrat, A. Sims, Reconstruction of graded groupoids from graded Steinberg algebras. Forum Math. 29(5), 1023–1037 (2017)
G. Aranda Pino, D. Martín Barquero, C. Martín González, M. Siles Molina, Socle theory for Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs. Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 26(2), 611–638 (2010)
G. Aranda Pino, K.M. Rangaswamy, L. Vaš, \(*\)-Regular Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs. Acta Math. Sin. Engl. Ser. 28(5), 957–968 (2012)
T. Bates, D. Pask, I. Raeburn, W. Szymański, The \(C^*\)-algebras of row-finite graphs. N. Y. J. Math. 6, 307–324 (2000)
V. Beuter, D. Gonçalves, The interplay between Steinberg algebras and skew group rings. J. Algebra 487, 337–362 (2018)
M. Brešar, Introduction to Noncommutative Algebra, Universitext (Springer, Berlin, 2014)
J.H. Brown, L.O. Clark, A. an Huef, Diagonal-preserving ring \(*\)-isomorphisms of Leavitt path algebras. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 221(10), 2458–2481 (2017)
J. Brown, L.O. Clark, C. Farthing, A. Sims, Simplicity of algebras associated to étale groupoids. Semigroup Forum 88(2), 433–452 (2014)
N. Brownlowe, T.M. Carlsen, M.F. Whittaker, Graph algebras and orbit equivalence. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 37(2), 389–417 (2017)
T.M. Carlsen, \(*\)-isomorphism of Leavitt path algebras over \(\mathbb{Z}\). Adv. Math. 324, 326–335 (2018)
T.M. Carlsen, J. Rout, Diagonal-preserving graded isomorphisms of Steinberg algebras. Commun. Contemp. Math. 1750064 (2017)
L.O. Clark, A. Sims, Equivalent groupoids have Morita equivalent Steinberg algebras. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 219(6), 2062–2075 (2015)
L.O. Clark, C. Edie-Michell, Uniqueness theorems for Steinberg algebras. Algebra Represent. Theory 18(4), 907–916 (2015)
L.O. Clark, Y.E. Pangalela, Cohn path algebras of higher-rank graphs. Algebra Represent. Theory 20(1), 47–70 (2017)
L.O. Clark, C. Farthing, A. Sims, M. Tomforde, A groupoid generalisation of Leavitt path algebras. Semigroup Forum 89(3), 501–517 (2014)
L.O. Clark, D. Martín Barquero, C. Martín González, M. Siles Molina, Using Steinberg algebras to study decomposability of Leavitt path algebras. Forum Math. 29(6), 1311–1324 (2016)
L.O. Clark, Y.E. Pangalela, Kumjian-Pask algebras of finitely aligned higher-rank graphs. J. Algebra 482, 364–397 (2017)
L.O. Clark, D. Martín Barquero, C. Martín González, M. Siles Molina, Using the Steinberg algebra model to determine the center of any Leavitt path algebra. Isr. J. Math. 1–22 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11856-018-1816-8
L.O. Clark, R. Exel, E. Pardo, A. Sims, C. Starling, Simplicity of algebras associated to non-Hausdorff groupoids (2018). https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/7840
L.O. Clark, R. Exel, E. Pardo, A generalized uniqueness theorem and the graded ideal structure of Steinberg algebras. Forum Math. 30(3), 533–552 (2018)
J. Cuntz, Simple \(C^*\)-algebras generated by isometries. Commun. Math. Phys. 57(2), 173–185 (1977)
J. Cuntz, W. Krieger, A class of \(C^*\)-algebras and topological Markov chains. Inven. Math. 56(3), 251–268 (1980)
V. Deaconu, Groupoids associated with endomorphisms. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 347(5), 1779–1786 (1995)
M. Dokuchaev, R. Exel, P. Piccione, Partial representations and partial group algebras. J. Algebra 226(1), 505–532 (2000)
S. Eilers, G. Restorff, E. Ruiz, A.P. Sørensen, The complete classification of unital graph \(C^*\)-algebras: Geometric and strong (2016), arXiv:1611.07120v1
R. Exel, Inverse semigroups and combinatorial \(C^*\)-algebras. Bull. Braz. Math. Soc. New Ser. 39(2), 191–313 (2008)
R. Exel, Reconstructing a totally disconnected groupoid from its ample semigroup. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 138(8), 2991–3001 (2010)
R. Exel, Partial Dynamical Systems, Fell Bundles and Applications. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, vol. 224 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2017)
D. Gonçalves, D. Royer, Leavitt path algebras as partial skew group rings. Commun. Algebra 42(8), 3578–3592 (2014)
K.R. Goodearl, Von Neumann Regular Rings (Pitman, London, 1979)
K.R. Goodearl, Leavitt path algebras and direct limits. Contemp. Math. 480(200), 165–187 (2009)
R. Hazrat, The graded Grothendieck group and the classification of Leavitt path algebras. Math. Ann. 355(1), 273–325 (2013)
R. Hazrat, H. Li, Graded Steinberg algebras and partial actions. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 222(12), 3946–3967 (2018)
R. Hazrat, L. Vaš, Baer and Baer \(^*\)-ring characterizations of Leavitt path algebras. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 222(1), 39–60 (2018)
M. Kanuni, D. Martín Barquero, C. Martín González, M. Siles Molina, Classification of Leavitt path algebras with two vertices (2017). http://www.mathjournals.org/mmj/2019-019-003/2019-019-003-004.html
I. Kaplansky, Fields and Rings, 2nd ed. Chicago Lectures in Mathematics (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1972)
A. Kumjian, D. Pask, Higher rank graph \(C^*\)-algebras. N. Y. J. Math. 6(1), 1–20 (2000)
A. Kumjian, D. Pask, I. Raeburn, J. Renault, Graphs, groupoids, and Cuntz-Krieger algebras. J. Funct. Anal. 144(2), 505–541 (1997)
W.G. Leavitt, The module type of a ring. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 103(1), 113–130 (1962)
W.G. Leavitt, The module type of homomorphic images. Duke Math. J. 32(2), 305–311 (1965)
J.-L. Loday, Cyclic Homology. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, vol. 301, 2nd ed. (Springer, Berlin, 1998)
V. Nekrashevych, Growth of étale groupoids and simple algebras. Int. J. Algebra Comput. 26(2), 375–397 (2016)
E. Pardo, The isomorphism problem for Higman-Thompson groups. J. Algebra 344, 172–183 (2011)
A.L.T. Paterson, Groupoids, Inverse Semigroups, and Their Operator Algebras. Progress in Mathematics, vol. 170 (Springer, Berlin, 1999)
A.L.T. Paterson, Graph inverse semigroups, groupoids and their \(C^*\)-algebras. J. Oper. Theory 48(3), 645–662 (2002)
I. Raeburn, Graph Algebras. CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, vol. 103 (American Mathematical Society, Providence 2005)
J. Renault, A Groupoid Approach to\(C^*\)-Algebras. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 793 (Springer, Berlin, 1980)
J. Renault, Cartan subalgebras in \(C^*\)-algebras. Bull. Ir. Math. Soc. 61, 29–63 (2008)
J. Renault, A. Sims, D. Williams, T. Yeend, Uniqueness theorems for topological higher-rank graph \(C^*\)-algebras. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 146(2), 669–684 (2018)
A. Sims, Étale groupoids and their \(C^*\)-algebras (2017), arXiv:1710.10897v1
B. Steinberg, A groupoid approach to discrete inverse semigroup algebras. Adv. Math. 223(2), 689–727 (2010)
B. Steinberg, Simplicity, primitivity and semiprimitivity of étale groupoid algebras with applications to inverse semigroup algebras. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 220(3), 1035–1054 (2016)
B. Steinberg, Chain conditions on étale groupoid algebras with applications to Leavitt path algebras and inverse semigroup algebras. J. Aust. Math. Soc. 104(3), 403–411 (2018)
B. Steinberg, Diagonal-preserving isomorphisms of étale groupoid algebras. J. Algebra 518, 412–439 (2019)
B. Steinberg, Prime étale groupoid algebras with applications to inverse semigroup and Leavitt path algebras. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 223(6), 2474–2488 (2019)
M. Tomforde, Leavitt path algebras with coefficients in a commutative ring. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 215(4), 471–484 (2011)
S. Webster, The path space of a directed graph. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 142(1), 213–225 (2014)
S. Willard, General Topology. Addison-Wesley Series in Mathematics (Addison-Wesley, Boston, 1970)
T. Yeend, Groupoid models for the \(C^*\)-algebras of topological higher-rank graphs. J. Oper. Theory 57(1), 95–120 (2007)
Acknowledgements
I thank Juana Sánchez Ortega, for her valuable advice and guidance throughout my Masters degree. I also thank Giang Nam Tran for finding an important error in an earlier version of the paper and suggesting a way to fix it. Finally, I thank the two examiners of my Masters thesis, Pere Ara and Aidan Sims, who wrote very insightful comments that led to an improvement of this work.
I acknowledge the support of the National Research Foundation of South Africa.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Rigby, S.W. (2020). The Groupoid Approach to Leavitt Path Algebras. In: Ambily, A., Hazrat, R., Sury, B. (eds) Leavitt Path Algebras and Classical K-Theory. Indian Statistical Institute Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1611-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1611-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-1610-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-1611-5
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)