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Sentinel Gene Within Cell Territory and Molecular Platforms in Cancer: Methylation Diversity of p53 Gene in Brain Tumors

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Epigenetics Territory and Cancer

Abstract

TP53 is the most important tumor suppressor gene which plays critical functions to avoid tumor progression and development through inducing the DNA repair pathways or cell cycle arrest. High frequency of p53 gene aberrations in various types of cancer has relied on its significant roles in prevention of arising tumors. However, the effect of promoter methylation of this gene on its protein expression and function remains unclear and there is a strong controversy among various investigations especially those studies performed on brain tumors.

TP53 may be the most frequent gene which was studied in different aspects of cancer biology and therefore a considerable literature is available. In this chapter, we tried to provide a brief explanation about the basic knowledge which was found in investigations either at p53 gene- or protein- level and then its function and aberrations in various cancers will be described. Finally, we will discuss about the methylation status of p53 gene promoter in different types of cancers with emphasizing on brain tumors.

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Abbreviations

AMPK:

AMP-activated protein kinase

53BP1:

53 binding protein 1

CPE:

Core promoter element

CPT1:

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase

COX:

Cytochrome c oxidase

CRM1:

Chromosomal region maintenance 1

C-terminal:

Carboxy-terminal

DBD:

DNA binding domain

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

ER:

Estrogen receptor

FAS:

Fatty acid synthase

GAMT:

Guanidinoacetate methyltransferase

GLS2:

Glutaminase 2

HK2:

Hexokinase 2

ISRE:

Interferon stimulated response element

MPF:

Maturation-promoting factor

mTORC1:

Mammalian target of rapamycin1

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NLS:

Nuclear localization signals

N-terminal:

NH3 terminal

PGM:

Phosphoglycerate mutase

PKC δ:

Protein kinase C δ

PP genotype:

Proline proline genotype

PPP:

Pentose phosphate pathway

PUMA:

p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis

PRD:

Proline rich domain

PRMTs:

Protein arginine methyltransferases

OD:

Oligomerization domain

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAHFs:

Senescence associated heterochromatin foci

SCO2:

Cytochrome c oxidase

Sp1:

Specificity protein 1

TSC2:

Tuberous sclerosis complex 2

TIGAR:

TP53-induced glycolysis regulator

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    Prof. Dr. Parvin Mehdipour & Fatemeh Karami

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    Parvin Mehdipour

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Mehdipour, P., Karami, F. (2015). Sentinel Gene Within Cell Territory and Molecular Platforms in Cancer: Methylation Diversity of p53 Gene in Brain Tumors. In: Mehdipour, P. (eds) Epigenetics Territory and Cancer. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9639-2_8

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