Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simulation of Climate Change Due to Increased Atmospheric CO2

  • Chapter
Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 243))

Abstract

The radiative forcing due to increased CO2 and some simple climate feedbacks are illustrated using results from one-dimensional model studies. The simulated response of climate to CO2 in three-dimensional models is described with emphasis on the physical mechanisms responsible. The role of the oceans, the simulation of the transient response and the problems of detecting CO2-induced climate change are discussed briefly, and priorities for future research are outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Augustsson, T., and V. Ramanathan, 1977: ‘A radiative, convective model study of the CO2 climate problem. ’ J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 448–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bach, W., A. J. Crane, A. L. Berger and A. Longhetto, 1983: Corabon Dioxide: Current Views and Developments In Energy/CIIme Research. Reidel, Dordrecht, 525 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolin, B., E. T. Degens, S. Kempe and P. Ketner, 1979: The Global Carbon Cycle. SCOPE 13, Wiley, New York, 491 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolin, B., B. R. Döös, J. Jäger and R. A. Warrick (eds.), 1987: The Greenhouse Effect, Climatic Change and Ecosystems. SCOPE 29 Wiley, New York, 541 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, K., 1984: ‘Accelerating the convergence to equilibrium of ocean-climate models.’ J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 666–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, K., 1988: ‘Efficient methods for finding the equilibrium climate of coupled ocean-atmosphere models.’ In Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change, Vol. I, M. E. Schlesinger, ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 567–582.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, K., and M. J. Spelman, 1985: ‘The ocean’s response to a CO2 induced warming.’ J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,679–11,688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Callendar, G. S., 1938: ‘The artificial production of carbon dioxide and its influence on temperature.’ Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 64, 223–240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, W. C., 1982: Carbon Dioxide Review: 1982. Ed. W. C. Clark, Clarendon, Oxford, 469 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickinson, R. E., 1987: ‘How will climate change?’ In The Greenhouse Effect, Climate Change and Ecosystems, eds. B. Bolin, B. R. Döös, J. Jäger and R. A. Warrick, SCOPE 13, Wiley, New York, 206–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigelson, E. M., 1978: ‘Preliminary radiation model of a cloudy atmosphere. I. Structure of clouds and solar radiation.’ Beitr. Phys. Atmos., 51, 203–229.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folland, C. K., D. E. Parker and F. E. Kates, 1984: ‘Worldwide marine temperature fluctuations 1856–1981.’ Nature, 210, 670–673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fouquart, 1988: ‘Radiative transfer in climate modelling.’ In Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change, Vol. I, M. E. Schlesinger, ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 223–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gates, W. L., Y.-J. Han and M. E. Schlesinger, 1985: ‘The global climate simulated by a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model: Preliminary results.’ In Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models, ed. J. C. J. Nihoul. Elsevier Oceanography Series, 40, Amsterdam, 131–151.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J. E., D. Johnson, A. Lacis, S. Lebedeff, P. Lee, D. Rind and G. Russell, 1981: ‘Climate impact of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.’ Science, 213, 957–966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, J., A. Lacis, D. Rind, G. Russell, P. Stone, I. Fung, R. Ruedy and J. Lerner, 1984: ‘Climate sensitivity and analysis of feedback mechanisms.’ In Climate Sensitivity, eds. J. Hansen and T. Takahashi, Geophysical Monograph 29, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 130–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasselmann, K., 1979: ‘On the problem of multiple time scales in climate modelling.’ In Man’s Impact on Climate, eds. W. Bach, J. Pankrath and W. Kellogg, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 43–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Idso, S. B., 1980: ‘The climatological significance of a doubling of earth’s atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.’ Science, 207, 1462–1463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiehl, J. T., and V. Ramanathan, 1982: ‘Radiative heating due to increased CO2: The role of H20 continuum absorption in the 12–18 ym region.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 2923–2926.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, M., and V. Ramanathan, 1984: ‘The effects of moist convection and water vapor radiative processes on climate sensitivity.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2238–2249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liss, P. S., and A. J. Crane, 1983: Man-made Carbon Dioxide and Climatic Change. A review of scientific problems. Geo Books, Norwich, 127 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luther, F. M., 1984: ‘The intercomparison of radiation codes in climate models (ICRCCM). Longwave clear sky calculations.’ WCP-93, WMO, Geneva, 37 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R. A., and V. Ramanathan, 1980: ‘Detecting climate change due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.’ Science, 209, 763–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., 1983: ‘Carbon dioxide and climate change.’ In Advances in Geophysics, 25, ed. B. Saltzman, Academic, 39–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., and K. Bryan, 1985: ‘CO2-induced change in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model and its paleoclimatic Implications.’ J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,689–11,707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, 1980: ‘Sensitivity of a global climate model to an increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.’ J. Geophys. Res., 85, 5529–5554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., and R. F. Strickler, 1964: ‘Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a convective adjustment.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 21, 361–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., and R. T. Wetherald, 1967: ‘Thermal equilibrium of the atmosphere with a given distribution of relative humidity.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 241–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., and R. T. Wetherald, 1975: ‘The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on a general circulation model.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 3–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., and R. T. Wetherald, 1980: ‘On the distribution of climate change resulting from an increase in the CO2 content of the atmosphere.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 99–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S. and R. T. Wetherald, 1986: ‘Reduction in summer soil wetness induced by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide.’ Science, 232, 626–628.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., K. Bryan and M. J. Spelman, 1979: ‘A global ocean-atmosphere climate model with seasonal variation for future studies of climate sensitivity.’ Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 3, 393–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manabe, S., R. T. Wetherald and R. T. Stouffer, 1983: ‘Summer dryness due to an Increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration.’ Climatic Change, 3, 347–385.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marland, G., and R. M. Rotty, 1983: ‘Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel CO2 emissions.’ D0E/NBB-0036, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, D.C., 75 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. F. B., 1983a: ‘The seasonal response of a general circulation model to changes in CO2 and sea surface temperature.’ Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 109, 113–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. F. B., 1983b: ‘The hydrological cycle as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model.’ In Variations in the Global Water Budget, eds. A. Street-Perrot, M. Beran and R. Ratcliffe, Reidel, Dordrecht, 429–446 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. F. B., and G. Lupton, 1984: ‘A 402 experiment with prescribed changes in sea temperatures.’ Progress in Biometeorology, 3, 353–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. F. B., C. A. Wilson and W. M. Cunnington, 1987: ‘On CO2 climate sensitivity and model dependence of results.’ Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 113, 293–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. F. B., C. A. Wilson, W. J. Ingram, and W. M. Cunnington, 1986: Numerical studies of the effect of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on climate. Final report of CEC Contract CL-114-UK(H). Available from Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG12 2SZ, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, R. E., and T. G. Dopplick, 1979: ‘Questions concerning the possible influence of anthropogenic CO2 on atmospheric temperature.’ J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 822–825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oeschger, H., and B. Stauffer, 1986: ‘Review of the history of atmospheric CO2 recorded in ice cores.’ In The Changing Carbon Cycle: A Global Analysis, ed. J. R. Trabalka and D. E. Reichle, Springer-Verlag, New York, 592 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohring, G., and P. F. Clapp, 1980: ‘The effect of changes in cloud amount on the net radiation at the top of the atmosphere.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 447–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, D. E., 1985a: ‘On the detection of temperature changes induced by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide.’ Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 587–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, D. E., 1985b: ‘A strategy for early detection of climate change.’ Report of the sixth session of the Joint Scientific Committee. WMO/TD No. 54, Appendix B, WMO, Geneva, 44 + appendices (pp 22).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramanathan, V., 1981: ‘The role of ocean-atmosphere interactions in the CO2 climate problem. ’ J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 918–930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roach, W. T., and A. Slingo, 1979: ‘A high resolution infrared radiative transfer scheme to study the interaction of radiation with cloud.’ Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 105, 603–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowntree, P. R., and J. Walker, 1978: ‘The effects of doubling the CO2 concentration on radiative-convective equilibrium.’ In Carbon Dioxide, Climate and Society, ed. J. Williams, Pergamon, Oxford, 181–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, M. E., 1986: ‘Equilibrium and transient climatic warming induced by increased atmospheric CO2.’ Climate Dynamics, 1, 35–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, M. E., 1988: ‘Quantitative analysis of feedbacks in climate model simulations of CO2-induced warming.’ In Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change, Vol. II, M. E. Schlesinger, ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 653–736.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, M. E., and J. F. B. Mitchell, 1985: ‘Model projections of equilibrium climatic response to increased CO2 concentration.’ In Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide, eds. M. C. Maracken and F. M. Luther, Report DOE/ER-0237, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, D.C., 83–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, M. E., W. L. Gates and Y.-J. Han, 1985: ‘The role of the ocean in CO2-induced climate warming: Preliminary results from the OSU coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM.’ In Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Models, ed. J. C. J. Nihoul, Elsevier, 447–478.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, S. H., and S. L. Thompson, 1981: ‘Atmospheric CO2 and climate: Importance of the transient response.’ J. Geophys. Res., 86, 3135–3147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somerville, R. C. J., and L. A. Remer, 1984: ‘Cloud optical thickness feedbacks in the CO2 climate problem.’ J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9668–9672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spelman, M. J., and S. Manabe, 1984: ‘Influence of oceanic heat transport upon the sensitivity of a model climate.’ J. Geophys. Res., 89, 571–586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, G. L., 1978: ‘Radiation profiles in extended water clouds. II: Parameterization schemes.’ J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 2123–2132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, H. M., and S. Manabe, 1968: ‘Comparison among various numerical models designed for computing infrared cooling.’ Mon. Wea. Rev., 96, 735–741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trabalka, J. R. (Ed.), 1985: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle, DOE/ER-239, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, D.C., 315 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1985a: Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle, ed. J. R. Trabalka, Report DOE/ER-0239, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, D.C., 315 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1985b: Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide, eds. M. C. Maracken and F. M. Luther, Report D0E/ER-023, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, D.C., 381 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1985c: Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide, eds. M. C. Maracken and F. M. Luther, Report No. DOE/ER-0235, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, D.C., 198 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Dept. of Energy, 1985d: Direct Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide on Vegetation, eds. B. R. Strain and J. D. Cure, Report No. DOE/ER-0238, U.S. Dept. of Energy, Washington, D.C., 286 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. National Research Council, 1979: Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 22 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. National Research Council, 1982: Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 72 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. National Research Council, 1983: Changing Climate. Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee, National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 496 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Washington, W. M., and G. A. Meehl, 1984: ‘Seasonal cycle experiment on the climate sensitivity due to a doubling of CO2 with an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean model.’ J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9475–9503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Washington, W. M., A. J. Semtner, D. J. Knight and T. A. Mayer, 1980: ‘A general circulation experiment with a coupled atmosphere, ocean and sea ice model.’ J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 1887–1908.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watts, R. G., 1982: ‘Further discussions of “Questions concerning the possible influence of anthropogenic CO2 on atmospheric temperature”.’ J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 243–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherald, R. T., and S. Manabe, 1981: ‘Influence of seasonal variation upon the sensitivity of a model climate.’ J. Geophys. Res., 86, 1194–1204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherald R. T., and S. Manabe, 1986: ‘An investigation of cloud cover change in response to thermal forcing.’ Climatic Change, 8, 5–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wigley, T. M. L., and P. D. Jones, 1981: ‘Detecting CO2-induced climate change.’ Nature, 292, 205–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wigley, T. M. L., and M. E. Schlesinger, 1985: ‘Analytical solution for the effect of increasing CO2 on global mean temperature.’ Nature, 315, 649–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WMO, 1983: ‘Report of the WMO (CAS) Meeting of Experts on the CO2 concentrations from pre-industrial times to IGY.’ WCP-53, WMO, Geneva, 34 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. A., and J. F. B. Mitchell, 1987a: ‘Simulated climate and CO2-induced climate change over western Europe.’ Climate Change, 10, 11–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, C. A., and J. F. B. Mitchell, 1987b: ‘A 2xCO2 sensitivity experiment with a global climate model including a simple ocean.’ DCTN 48, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom, 104 pp (submitted to J. Geophys. Res.).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Meteorological Office, RG12 2SZ, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK

    J. F. B. Mitchell

Authors
  1. J. F. B. Mitchell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA

    M. E. Schlesinger

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mitchell, J.F.B. (1988). Simulation of Climate Change Due to Increased Atmospheric CO2 . In: Schlesinger, M.E. (eds) Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change. NATO ASI Series, vol 243. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3043-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3043-8_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7868-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3043-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation