Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy after hepatocellular cancer. It accounts for approximately 10–25 % of all hepatobiliary malignancies. Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is identified based on anatomic location, but the epidemiology is typically aggregated with all cholangiocarcinomas. There are considerable geographic and demographic variations in the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. These variations are related to risk factors, some of which are established (parasitic infections, primary sclerosing cholangitis, biliary-duct cysts, hepatolithiasis, toxins) and others that are less-established or potential risk factors (inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, cirrhosis, diabetes, obesity, alcohol, smoking, host genetic polymorphisms).
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Tyson, G.L., Keihanian, S., El-Serag, H.B. (2013). Epidemiology. In: Lau, W. (eds) Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6473-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6473-6_2
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