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Functional Consequences of Nuclear and Nucleolar Architecture

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Proteins of the Nucleolus

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Abstract

The nucleus is a highly compartmentalized structure. One of the most prominent nuclear compartments is the nucleolus. The nucleus and nucleolus share many structural and epigenetic features, but these features have specific functional significance. For instance, replication proceeds in replication foci, transcription in transcription “factories” or nucleoli, and splicing is regulated by proteins accumulated in nuclear speckles. Similarly, DNA repair events are associated with specific structural characteristics and occur in repair foci consisting of accumulated DNA repair-related proteins. Based on these observations, it is increasingly clear that changes in global genome organization and chromatin dynamics occur in parallel with functional changes in the genome. These structural characteristics contribute to the balance between genome stability and instability.

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Abbreviations

ATM:

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase

ATR:

Serine/threonine kinase/ataxia telangiectasia/Rad3-related protein

BER:

Base excision repair

BrdU:

5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine

CAF1:

Chromatin assembly factor 1

CD:

Chromodomain

CDK2:

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2

CK2:

Casein kinase 2

CSD:

Chromoshadow domain

DDR:

DNAdamage responses

DFC:

Dense fibrillar components

dn:

Double null

DSB:

Doubles strand break

FC:

Fibrillar center

GC:

Granular components

HDAC:

Histone deacetylases

HP1:

Heterochormatin protein 1

HR:

Homologous recombination

NER:

Nucleotide excision repair

NHEJ:

Non-homologous end joining

NORs:

Nucleolar organizing regions

PML:

Promyelocytic leukaemia bodies

Rb:

Retinoblastoma gene

snRNPs:

Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles

SSB:

Single strand break

TDP:

Time decision point

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UBF:

Upstream binding factor

wt:

Wild type

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic (research projects LC535, LC06027, ME 919, LD11020) and by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (projects AVOZ50040702 and AVOZ50040507). It was also supported by EU project COST TD09/05 and Marie Curie project PIRSES-GA-2010-269156-LCS. Some experiments were supported by the national COST-CZ project LD11020 and by Grant Agency of Czech Republic, project P302/10/1022. Many thanks to Soňa Legartová for technical support.

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  1. Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Královopolská 135, Brno, CZ-612 65, Czech Republic

    Eva Bártová & Lenka Stixová

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  1. Eva Bártová
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  2. Lenka Stixová
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Correspondence to Eva Bártová .

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  1. , Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga Rd. N. 3359, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Ontario, Canada

    Danton H O'Day

  2. , Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga Rd. 3359, Mississauga, L5L1C6, Ontario, Canada

    Andrew Catalano

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Bártová, E., Stixová, L. (2013). Functional Consequences of Nuclear and Nucleolar Architecture. In: O'Day, D., Catalano, A. (eds) Proteins of the Nucleolus. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5818-6_2

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