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Freshwater Picocyanobacteria: Single Cells, Microcolonies and Colonial Forms

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Ecology of Cyanobacteria II

Summary

This chapter deals with some taxonomic and ecological aspects of picocyanobacteria (Pcy) single-cells, microcolonies and other colonial (CPcy), that are common in lakes throughout the world, and abundant across a wide spectrum of trophic conditions. We discussed phenotypic diversity of Pcy in conjunction with a genotypic approach in order to resolve whether a similar morphology also reflects a phylogenetic relationship. Microcolonies of different size (from 5 to 50 cells) constitute a gradient without a net separation from single-celled types and should be considered Pcy, as transition forms from single-cell to colonial morphotypes. The single-celled Pcy populations tend to be predominant in large, deep oligo-mesotrophic lakes, while the CPcy find optimal conditions in warmer, shallower and more nutrient rich lakes. The knowledge of Pcy diversity in pelagic and littoral zone habitats is a key to understand the dominance of certain genotypes in the water column and of their ubiquity. We devoted some paragraphs to analyse the factors (biotic and abiotic) which can influence the dynamics of the different Pcy forms and we have approached the study of their common ecology.

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Abbreviations

Pcy:

picocyanobacteria

CPcy:

colonial picocyanobacteria

PE-rich:

phycoerythrin containing Pcy

PC-rich:

phycocyanin containing Pcy

Chl:

chlorophyll a

HNF:

heterotrophic nanoflagellates

ITS-1:

internal transcribed spacer region between the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes

T-RFLP:

terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism

DGGE:

denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis

ARISA:

automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analyses

DCM:

deep chlorophyll maximum

OTU:

operational taxonomic unit

RT-qPCR:

real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction

FDC:

frequency of dividing cells

RUBISCO:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase

ELF:

enzyme labelled fluorescence

APA:

extracellular phosphatase activity

DOP:

dissolved organic phosphorus

CPD:

cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer

BWF:

biological weighting functions

MAAs:

mycosporine-like amino acid compounds

Kd :

extinction coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank colleagues of the Microbial Ecology group of CNR-ISE Verbania, Italy, for their collaboration and strong support, and equally the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in British Columbia for supporting food chain research in lakes over the past three decades, including the special efforts of staff of Plankton Ecology Laboratory, West Vancouver, notably Ken Shortreed, Erland MacIsaac and Bruce Nidle. We also thank David Scanlan for valuable comments during preparation of the chapter, Roberto Bertoni for providing laboratory facilities in the microbial ecology laboratory at Verbania and Mario Contesini for technical assistance and field work on Lago Maggiore. A special thank to Brian Whitton for his untiring help to improve the manuscript.

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  1. National Research Council, Institute of Ecosystem Study, Largo Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania Pallanza, Italy

    Cristiana Callieri

  2. Aquatic Ecology, Ecology Building, University of Lund, 65, S-22100, Lund, Sweden

    Gertrud Cronberg

  3. Eco-Logic Ltd., 2624 Mathers Avenue, West Vancouver, BC, Canada, V7V 2J4

    John G. Stockner

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  1. Cristiana Callieri
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Correspondence to Cristiana Callieri .

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    Brian A. Whitton

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Callieri, C., Cronberg, G., Stockner, J.G. (2012). Freshwater Picocyanobacteria: Single Cells, Microcolonies and Colonial Forms. In: Whitton, B. (eds) Ecology of Cyanobacteria II. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3_8

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