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Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle: Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Integrated Mechanisms and Its Biomolecular Regulation

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Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway and Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abstract

In plant physiology, low level of oxidative stress produces a favourable effect on the metabolism of a plant. However, when antioxydant defenses are over-passed by the action of oxidative compounds it will produce metabolic alteration that would end in cell death. The increase of oxidative stress is conditioned by different types of abiotic (salinity, drought, heavy metal) and biotic (fungus and insects) stresses. The main objective of this chapter will be to evaluate the role of ascorbate–glutathione cycle in the defense mechanisms and antioxidant capacity in plants under different stress conditions, integrating non enzymatic (ascorbate and glutathione) and enzymatic pathways and its biomolecular regulation. This chapter will describe the integration of both non-enzymatic and enzymatic mechanisms specially those concerning with the regeneration of active compounds. Enzymatic pathway preserves the active form of ascorbate and glutathione. Furthemore, we will also describe the regulation of ascorbate-glutation cycle developed by alterated redox status, which can be produced produced by abiotic and biotic stress.

In addition, in the discussion we will emphasize the agronomic and genomic approaches on how to improve the plant tolerance against the biotic and abiotic stresses, so that a higher antioxidant level can be obtained, which will benefit the healthy quality of vegetable foods.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Mei Lie Tan for stimulating discussions and comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by the FONDECYT (grants project Nº 1090405), National Commision for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT), Ministery of Education, Chile.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agriculture Research (INIA), Chorrillos 86, La Cruz, Región de Valparaíso, Chile

    Juan Pablo Martínez

  2. Regional Center for the Study of Healthy Foods (CREAS), Blanco 1623, Oficina 1402, Edificio Torres Mar del Sur 2, Valparaíso, Chile

    Juan Pablo Martínez & Héctor Araya

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Departament of Nutrition, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile

    Héctor Araya

  4. Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Valparaíso, Avda Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Región de Valparaíso, Chile

    Héctor Araya

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  1. Juan Pablo Martínez
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Correspondence to Juan Pablo Martínez .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Huandong Rd., Sinshih, Tainan, 74146, Taiwan R.O.C.

    Naser A. Anjum

  2. Biotechnology Center in Southern Taiwan, Academia Sinica, Huandong Rd., Sinshih, Tainan, 74146, Taiwan R.O.C.

    Ming-Tsair Chan

  3. Dept. Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India

    Shahid Umar

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Martínez, J.P., Araya, H. (2010). Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle: Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Integrated Mechanisms and Its Biomolecular Regulation. In: Anjum, N., Chan, MT., Umar, S. (eds) Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway and Stress Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9404-9_11

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