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Oldest Fossil Records of Marine Protists and the Geologic History Toward the Establishment of the Modern-Type Marine Protist World

  • Chapter
Marine Protists

Abstract

The oldest marine protist fossil goes back 1.8 Ga (Statherian, Paleoproterozoic), and the oldest dinosterane biomarkers 1.6 Ga (Calymmian, Mesoproterozoic). The probable heterotrophic agglutinated microfossil appeared when marine metazoans appeared in the Ediacaran. Multichambered foraminifers appeared around the start of biomineralization in Small Shelly Fossils in the early Cambrian. The first fossilizable radiolarian polycystine is likely to have appeared in the period of the Cambrian Explosion. After the initial appearance period, the emergence of fossilizable skeleton formative ability was concentrated in five short geological time intervals: (1) the Middle to Late Devonian for calcareous benthic foraminifers; (2) the Carnian to the Rhaetian (Triassic) for the “switching on” of fossilizable dinoflagellate cysts, nannoliths, coccoliths and calcareous cysts, and probably the molecular appearance of diatoms; (3) the Toarcian–Aalenian Ages for diversified dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, the establishment of symbiosis in radiolarian Acantharia and the appearance of planktic lifestyle in foraminifers; (4) the Albian–Maastrichtian Ages for the rapid accumulation of coccolithophores, the start of skeletogenesis both in silicoflagellates and marine centric diatoms, molecular appearance of both araphid and raphid diatoms, and the appearance of fossilizable araphid diatoms; and (5) the middle to late Eocene for the appearance of fossilizable raphid diatoms and radiolarian colonial collodarians and the continuous occurrences of ebridians. The establishment of the modern-type marine protist world was concluded in the late Eocene by the appearance of collodarians, the continuous occurrences of ebridians, and the substituted silicon precipitation marine protists as diatoms.

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Acknowledgments

This manuscript was significantly improved with constructive comments and advice from the following specialists of variable taxonomic groups: Prof. Takeo Horiguchi and Dr. Kei’ichi Hayashi (acritarch and dinoflagellates), Drs. Kengo Kawagata and Hiroki Hayashi (foraminifers); and Drs. Akihiro Tuji, Megumi Saito and Itsuki Suto (diatoms). The authors thank Drs. Itsuki Suto and Satoshi Takahashi for the overall documentation of this manuscript. This chapter was financially supported by the Cooperative Research Project with Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), “Morpho-molecular Diversity Assessment of Ecologically, Evolutionary, and Geologically Relevant Marine Plankton (Radiolaria)” by the Strategic International Research Cooperative Program hosted by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) (N. Suzuki).

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  1. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Miyagi, Japan

    Noritoshi Suzuki

  2. The Center for Academic Resources and Archives, Tohoku University Museum, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan

    Masahiro Oba

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  1. Noritoshi Suzuki
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Correspondence to Noritoshi Suzuki .

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  1. Takehara Marine Science Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima, Japan

    Susumu Ohtsuka

  2. Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Toshinobu Suzaki

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Takeo Horiguchi

  4. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Noritoshi Suzuki

  5. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que – CNRS, University Pierre and Marie Curie – UPMC Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France

    Fabrice Not

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Suzuki, N., Oba, M. (2015). Oldest Fossil Records of Marine Protists and the Geologic History Toward the Establishment of the Modern-Type Marine Protist World. In: Ohtsuka, S., Suzaki, T., Horiguchi, T., Suzuki, N., Not, F. (eds) Marine Protists. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0_15

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