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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus: The Indian Experience

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Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Oesophageal cancer is a relatively common cancer among both men and women and is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in India. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histology (80 %) although there has been a recent relative increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma. Aetiological factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in India are unique and include alternative forms of tobacco consumption, alcohol, tea drinking, nutritional and dietary factors and possibly human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Most patients present with advanced stage of disease and in poor general health at the time of diagnosis. Diagnostic and staging workup of OSCC in India is similar to other countries though the use of PET–CT and endoscopic ultrasonography is not universal. The treatment of early stage disease (T1/T2 and N0) is primarily surgery alone, while for patients with more advanced, resectable disease (T3/T4a or N+), the treatment is usually neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Unresectable or metastatic disease is treated with palliative radiotherapy or oesophageal stenting. Surgical technique is widely variant with both transthoracic and transhiatal oesophagectomies being performed along with minimally invasive oesophagectomy depending on the specialization and expertise of the surgeon. Research on oesophageal cancer has focused on epidemiology, aetiological factors, primary treatment options, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, surgical techniques, perioperative care and palliative treatment. The formation of the Indian Society for Diseases of the Esophagus and Stomach (ISES) is expected to promote collaborative research and standardization of treatment across the country.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India

    C. S. Pramesh MS, FRCS, George Karimundackal MCh, MRCS & Sabita Jiwnani MS, MRCS

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  1. C. S. Pramesh MS, FRCS
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Correspondence to C. S. Pramesh MS, FRCS .

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  1. Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan

    Nobutoshi Ando

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Pramesh, C.S., Karimundackal, G., Jiwnani, S. (2015). Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oesophagus: The Indian Experience. In: Ando, N. (eds) Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54977-2_16

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