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Phytophthora ramorum

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Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens

Abstract

Phytophthora ramorum is a recently emerged plant pathogen and causal agent of one of the most destructive and devastating diseases currently affecting US horticulture and forests. It is now known to affect more than 100 plant species, including nursery and forest host species. Like many Phytophthora species, P. ramorum is a clonal organism and produces copious chlamydospores. The size of the P. ramorum genome is smaller than most other Phytophthora spp. sequenced to date. The major features of the P. ramorum genome show a large portion of gene-dense, conserved regions with high levels of synteny and colinearity to other Phytophthora spp. and a quarter of the genome is gene-sparse, with highly repetitive and rapidly evolving genes. Unique regions of the genome, outside of the core genome, are thought to be related to host specificity and the hemibiotrophic lifestyle of the pathogen. Phytophthora ramorum is a pathogen that emerged repeatedly in Europe and North America, yet evolutionary analysis of the clonal lineages indicates ancient divergence from ancestrally sexual populations. In both Europe and the US the clonal lineages are accumulating mutations and gradually diverging from the invasive NA1, NA2, or EU1 clones in a process of clonal divergence. Traditional approaches of disease management are typically not viable options for control of sudden oak death, however, rapid advances in genome sequencing provide a bright future for studying challenging pathogens such as P. ramorum.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Sydney E. Everhart, Javier F. Tabima & Niklaus J. Grünwald

  2. Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Niklaus J. Grünwald

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  1. Sydney E. Everhart
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  2. Javier F. Tabima
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  3. Niklaus J. Grünwald
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Correspondence to Niklaus J. Grünwald .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dep Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Center for Integrated Fungal Res, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA

    Ralph A. Dean

  2. United States Department of Agriculture, Nat Inst Food and Agriculture, Washington, Washington, USA

    Ann Lichens-Park

  3. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Everhart, S.E., Tabima, J.F., Grünwald, N.J. (2014). Phytophthora ramorum . In: Dean, R., Lichens-Park, A., Kole, C. (eds) Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44056-8_8

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