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Events that Commit Neurons to Die After Trophic Factor Deprivation

  • Conference paper
Neuronal Death by Accident or by Design

Part of the book series: Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences ((NEUROSCIENCE))

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Summary

Nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation in neonatal sympathetic neurons induces two parallel processes: 1) a protein synthesis-dependent, caspase-independent translocation of BAX from the cytosol to mitochondria, followed by mitochondrial membrane integration and loss of cytochrome c; and 2) the development of competence-to-die, which requires neither macromolecular synthesis nor BAX expression. Activation of both signaling pathways is required for caspase activation and apoptosis in immature sympathetic neurons.

The identities of the gene products required for the translocation of BAX and for its subsequent integration and mediation of cytochrome c release (presumably via multimerization and pore formation) remain unknown. Recently, we have identified one such “thanatin”: BIM, a member of the BH3only, proapoptotic subfamily of the BCL-2 family of proteins.

NGF deprivation rapidly induces expression of the extra-long splice variant of BIM, BIMEL, upstream of the BAX/BCL-2 and caspase checkpoints. Other findings indicate that the induction of BIM may constitute a unique hallmark of neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, Bim deletion confers transient protection against cytochrome c release and neuronal apoptosis, suggesting that BIM, and perhaps other BH3-only proteins, serve partially redundant functions upstream of BAX-mediated cytochrome c release and caspase activation.

The events responsible for committing sympathetic neurons to die after trophic factor withdrawal remain unclear. NGF-deprived cells become committed to die, as measured by the inability of cells to be rescued by NGF readdition, at the time of cytochrome c release. However, caspase inhibition by either pharmacological or genetic means extends commitment to death from the point of cytochrome c release to the subsequent point of mitochondrial depolarization.

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Authors
  1. G. V. Putcha
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  2. M. Deshmukh
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  3. E. M. Johnson Jr.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM U.382 — IBDM (CNRS — INSERM — Univ. Méditerranée), Campus de Luminy, Case 907, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France

    Christopher E. Henderson Ph. D.

  2. Division of Cellular Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 10355 Science Center Drive, 92121, San Diego, CA, USA

    Douglas R. Green Ph. D.

  3. Institut des Neurosciences, UMR 7624, CNRS et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 9 quai Saint Bernard, 75005, Paris, France

    Jean Mariani Ph. D.

  4. Pour la Recherche Thérapeutique, Fondation IPSEN, 24, rue Erlanger, 75781, Paris Cedex 16, France

    Yves Christen Ph. D.

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Putcha, G.V., Deshmukh, M., Johnson, E.M. (2001). Events that Commit Neurons to Die After Trophic Factor Deprivation. In: Henderson, C.E., Green, D.R., Mariani, J., Christen, Y. (eds) Neuronal Death by Accident or by Design. Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04333-2_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04333-2_5

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