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Biochemistry of Sphingosine Containing Lipids

  • Chapter
Lipids and Lipidoses

Abstract

The sphingolipids are a class of compounds quite analogous to the lipid series derived from glycerol. Just as glycerol can form a series of phosphorous containing complex lipids, i. e., lecithin, cephalin, etc. (cf. chap, by Rossiter, p. 93), sphingosine can combine with fatty acids, phosphorous, and bases to give rise to the sphingomyelins. The glycerides can form complex lipids with sugars (Putnam and Hassid 1954, Carter et al. 1956) — and, in a similar manner, sphingosine can form a series of complex sugar-containing lipids, i.e., psychosine, cerebrosides, cerebroside sulfate and gangliosides (Deuel 1951, Celmer and Carter 1952). The chemistry of the glycerol and sphingosine containing lipids has been reviewed in other chapters in this volume. The similarity of structure between phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin is apparent. Thus the 1 carbon is substituted with phosphoryl choline and carbons 2 and 3 contain long chain fatty acid and/or hydrocarbon residues. In the case of glycerol carbon 3 is substituted with a fatty acid, whereas sphingomyelin contains a hydrocarbon residue joined by carbon-carbon covalent bonding to carbon 3 as an integral part of the sphingosine molecule. If indeed the properties of the glycerol and sphingosine containing lipids are similar, as illustrated by the phosphoryl choline containing derivatives, then one can ask what are the roles of these classes of lipids and why are both classes important to the physiological functioning of animals?

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  1. Robert M. Burton
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Burton, R.M. (1967). Biochemistry of Sphingosine Containing Lipids. In: Schettler, G. (eds) Lipids and Lipidoses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87367-6_5

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