Skip to main content

Zerebrale Durchblutung und zerebraler Sauerstoffverbrauch bei Bewußtseinsstörungen und Koma

  • Chapter
Der bewußtlose Patient

Part of the book series: Klinische Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie ((KAI,volume 19))

  • 19 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Beim liegenden Menschen beträgt die globale Hirndurchblutung (HDB) 50 – 55 ml/100 g Hirngewebe/min, dies entspricht einer mittleren Gesamtdurchblutung des Gehirns von ca. 700 – 900 ml/ min, was ca. 15% des Herzminutenvolumens ausmacht. Das mittlere zerebrale Blutvolumen des Gehirns beträgt ca. 130 ml (25). Die durchschnittliche Sauerstoffverbrauchsrate beträgt 3,3 ± 0,5 ml/100 g Hirngewebe/min, was ca. 20% des Gesamtruheverbrauchs des Körpers entspricht (23). Die höchsten Werte sowohl der regionalen Durchblutung wie des regionalen Sauerstoffverbrauchs weist der Kortex auf, also das Gehirnkompartiment mit dem höchsten Anteil an neuronalen Zellen: Die Durchblutung der grauen Substanz einer Hemisphäre liegt etwa zwischen 61 und 113 ml/100 g/min, in der weißen Substanz dagegen nur bei 18 – 27 ml/100 g/min, entsprechend einem durchschnittlichen Wert von ca. 22 ml/100 g/min (18). Der lokale Sauerstoffverbrauch der Rinde dürfte etwa 8–12 ml/100 g/min betragen, derjenige der weißen Substanz ca. ein Drittel des Rindenverbrauchs (3, 9 ).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. AGNOLI, A., FIESCHI, C, PRENCIPE, M. und Mitarb.: rCBF studies during carotid surgery. In: Brain and blood flow (ed. R. RUSSEL), p. 346. London: Pitmann Medical 1971

    Google Scholar 

  2. BES, A., ARBUS, L., LAZORTHES, Y. und Mitarb.: Hemodynamic and metabolic studies in “coma dépassé”. A search for a biological test of death of the brain. In: Cerebral blood flow (eds. M. BROCK, C SCHÜRMANN), p. 213. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1969

    Google Scholar 

  3. BETZ, E.: Pharmakologie des Gehirnkreislaufes. In: Der Hirnkreislauf (ed. H. GÄNSHIRT), p. 411. Stuttgart: Thieme 1972

    Google Scholar 

  4. BROCK, M., SCHÜRMANN, K., HADJIDIMOS, A. A.: Cerebral blood flow and cerebral death. Acta neurochir. Wien 20, 195 (1969)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. BRODERSEN, P., JÖRGENSEN, E.: Cerebral blood flow and oxygen uptake and cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry in severe coma. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. 37, 384 (1974)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. BRUCE, D. A., LANGFITT, T. W., MILLER, J. D. und Mitarb.: Regional cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain metabolism in comatose patients. J. Neurosurg. 38, 131 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. BRUCE, D. A., LANGFITT, T. W.: The prognostic value of ICP, CPP, CBF and CMR O2- In: Head injuries (ed. R. L. MCLAURIN), p. 23. New York, San Francisco, London: Grune & Stratton 1975

    Google Scholar 

  8. DELLA-PORTA, P., MARIOLO, A. T., NEGRI, V. U. und Mitarb.: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in therapeutic insulin coma. Metabolism 13, 131 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. ELLIOTT, A. C., HELLER, I. H.: Metabolism of neurons and glia. In: Metabolism of the nervous system (ed. D. RICHTER), p. 286. London: Pergamon 1957

    Google Scholar 

  10. FISCHER, E. G. und Mitarb.: Reassessment of cerebral capillary changes in acute global ischemia and their relationship to the “no-reflow phenomenon”. Stroke 8, 36 (1977)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. FIESCHI, C., AGNOLI, A., BATTISTINI, N. und Mitarb.: Cerebral vasomotor control and CSF pH in metabolic and respiratory coma. In: Cerebral blood flow (eds. M. BROCK, C FIESCHI, D. H. INGVAR, N. A. LASSEN, K. SCHÜRMANN), p. 222. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1969

    Google Scholar 

  12. FREI, H. J., WALLENFANG, T., PÖLL, W. und Mitarb.: Regional-cerebral blood flow and regional metabolism in cold induced edema. Acta neurochir. 29, 15 (1973)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. GOTTSTEIN, U., HELD, K., BERGHOFF, W.: CBF and metabolism in uremic and hepatic precomatose state’s. In: Cerebral blood flow (eds. M. BROCK, C. FIESCHI, D. H. INGVAR, N. A. LASSEN, K. SCHÜRMANN), p. 227. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1969

    Google Scholar 

  14. HASS, W. K.: Prognostic value of cerebral oxidative metabolism in head trauma. In: Head injuries (ed. R. MCLAURIN), p. 35. New York, San Francisco, London: Grune & Stratton 1975

    Google Scholar 

  15. HASS, W. K., HOBAYASHI, M., HOCHWALD, G. M. und Mitarb.: Relationship of cerebral metabolic rate to brain stem injury. In: Brain and blood flow (eds. A. M. HARPER und Mitarb.). 1975

    Google Scholar 

  16. HEISS, W. D., GERSTENBRAND, F., PROSENZ, P. und Mitarb.: The prognostic value of cerebral blood flow measurement in patients with the appalic syndrome. J. neurol. Sci. 16, 382 (1972)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. HOSSMANN, K. A.: Hirnstoffwechsel bei Ischämie. Vortrag Workshop “Der bewußtlose Patient”. Reisensburg, 15. — 18.2.1978

    Google Scholar 

  18. INGVAR, D. H., LASSEN, N. A.: Regional cerebral blood flow. Acta neurol. scand. 41, Suppl. 14 (1965-b)

    Google Scholar 

  19. INGVAR, D. H.: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in complete apallic syndroms in states of severe dementia, and in akinetic mutism. Acta neurol. scand. 49, 233 (1973)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. INGVAR, D. H., CIRIA, M. G.: Assessment of severe damage to the brain by multiregional measurements of cerebral blood flow. In: Outcome of severe damage to the central nervous system (eds. R. PORTER, D. W. FITZSIMONS), p. 97. Amsterdam, Oxford, New York: Elsevier 1975

    Google Scholar 

  21. JAFFE, W. E., MCHENRY, L. C., GOLDBERG, H. J.: Regional cerebral blood flow studies in middle cerebral artery occlusion and stenosis. Circulation 38, Suppl. 6, 106 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  22. KETY, S. S., POLIS, B. D., NADLER, C. S. und Mitarb.: The blood flow and oxygen consumption of the human brain in diabetic acidosis and coma. J. clin. Invest. 27 . 500 (1948)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. KETY, S. S., SCHMIDT, C. F.: The nitrous oxide method for the quantitative determination of cerebral blood flow in man: theory, procedure and normal values. J. clin. Invest. 27, 4 76 1948

    Google Scholar 

  24. KUSCHINSKY, W., WAHL, M.: Alpha-receptor stimulation by endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine and blockade by phentol-amine in pial arteries of cats. Circ. Res. 37, 168 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. LASSEN, N. A., MUNK, O., TOTTEY, E. R.: Mental function and cerebral oxygen consumption in organic dementia. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. 77, 126 (1957)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. LASSEN, N. A.: Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man. Physiol. Rev. 39, 183 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. LASSEN, N. A.: The luxury-perfusion syndrome and its possible relation to acute metabolic acidosis localised within the brain. Lancet 1966 II, 1113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. LASSEN, N. A.: Brain extracellular pH: The main factor controlling cerebral blood flow. Scand. J. clin. Lab. Invest. 22, 247 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. MANGOLD, R., SOKOLOFF, L., CONNER, E. und Mitarb.: The effects of sleep and lack of sleep on the cerebral circulation and metabolism of normal young man. J. Clin. Invest. 34., 1092 (1955)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. MARMAROU, H., PÖLL, W., SHAPIRO, K. und Mitarb.: The influence of brain tissue pressure upon local cerebral blood flow in vasogenic edema. In: Intracranial pressure III (eds. J. F. BEKS, D. A. BOSCH, M. BROCK), p. 10. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1976

    Google Scholar 

  31. MEINIG, G., REULEN, H.-J., MAGAVLY, C und Mitarb.: Changes of cerebral hemodynamics and energy metabolism during increased CSF pressure (eds. M. BROCK, H. DIETZ), p. 79. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1972

    Google Scholar 

  32. MILLER, J. D., STANEK, A. E., LANGFITT, T. W.: A comparison of autoregulation to changes in intracranial and arterial pressure in the same preparation. Europ. Neurol. 6, 34 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. MILLER, J. D., GARIBI, J., NORTH, J.: False autoregulation after cold injury to the cerebral cortex. In: Cerebral circulation and metabolism (eds. T. W. LANGFITT, L. C MCHENRY jr.), p. 95. Heidelberg, Berlin, New York: Springer 1975

    Google Scholar 

  34. NEMOTO, E. M. und Mitarb.: Global ischemia in dogs: Cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity and autoregulation. Stroke 6, 4 25 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. OBRIST, W. D., LANGFITT, T. W., TER WEEME, C. A. und Mitarb.: Non-invasive, long terme, serial studies of rCBF in acute head injury. In: Cerebral function, metabolism and circulation (eds. D. H. INGVAR, N. A. LASSEN), p. 9. 2. Copenhagen: Munksgaard 1977

    Google Scholar 

  36. OVERGAARD, J.: Reflections on prognostic determinants in acute severe head injury. In: Head injuries (ed. R. MCLAURIN), p. 11. New York, San Francisco, London: Grune & Stratton 1975

    Google Scholar 

  37. PAULSON, O. B.: Regional cerebral blood flow in apoplexy due to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Neurology 20, 6 3 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  38. REIVICH, M., ISAACS, G., EVARTS, E. und Mitarb.: The effect of slow wave sleep and rem sleep on regional cerebral blood flow in cats. J. Neurochem. 15, 301 (1968)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. RISBERG, J. L., GUSTAVSON, L., INGVAR, D. H.: Regional cerebral blood volume during paradoxical sleep. In: Cerebral blood flow (eds. M. BROCK, C FIESCHI, D. H. INGVAR, N. A. LASSEN, K. SCHÜRMANN), p. 101. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1969

    Google Scholar 

  40. SHALIT, M. N., BELLER, A. J., FEINSOD, M. und Mitarb.: The blood flow and oxygen consumption of the dying brain. Neurology, Minneap., 20, 740 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. SILVERSTEIN, A.: Primary pontile hemorrhage. Contin. neurol. (Basel) 29, 33 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. WALTZ, A. G.: Effect of blood pressure on blood flow in ischemic and nonischemic cerebral cortex. Neurology, Minneap., 18, 613 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. ZWETNOW, N.: Cerebral blood flow autoregulation to blood pressure and intracranial pressure variations. Scand. J. Lab. clin. Invest., Suppl. 102 V:A (1968)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fenske, A. (1979). Zerebrale Durchblutung und zerebraler Sauerstoffverbrauch bei Bewußtseinsstörungen und Koma. In: Ahnefeld, F.W., et al. Der bewußtlose Patient. Klinische Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67267-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67267-5_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-09306-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-67267-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics