Abstract
Karl Landsteiner (born in Vienna on June 14, 1868, and died in New York on June 25, 1943) discovered the first blood groups in humans at the age of 32 (Landsteiner 1901). Based on patterns of cross-agglutination observed when red blood cells of certain subjects were mixed with the sera of others, he distinguished two antigens that he called A and B. Depending on the presence or absence of those red cells traits, three types of blood, A, B, and O, were identified. The fourth type, the AB blood group, characterized by the simultaneous presence of both A and B factors, was described 1 year later by Decastello and von Sturli (1902). The sera were found to contain antibodies directed against antigen(s) absent from the individual’s own red cells (Landsteiner’s rule). The reciprocal relationships between the red cell antigens and the antibodies in the serum in the four main ABO blood groups are shown in Table 1.
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Blancher, A., Socha, W.W. (1997). The ABO, Hh and Lewis Blood Group. in Humans and Nonhuman Primates. In: Blancher, A., Klein, J., Socha, W. (eds) Molecular Biology and Evolution of Blood Group and MHC Antigens in Primates. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59086-3_3
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