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Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of the White Desert Truffle Tirmania nivea (Zubaidi)

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Desert Truffles

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 38))

Abstract

Tirmania nivea (Pezizaceae) is a desert truffle which inhabits arid and semiarid alkaline soils in many countries of the Middle East and around the Mediterranean basin. A precious food commodity, it is nutritious, rich in protein, carbohydrate, and fiber. The very limited available scientific literature indicates that T. nivea possesses antioxidant properties comparable to those found in other higher fungi (truffles and mushrooms) and superior to many antioxidant-rich foods. This chapter summarizes findings using several methods to estimate the antioxidant–antiradical activities (i.e., FRAP, DPPH, ABTS-TEAC, FC). Total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, metal-chelating ability, and anti-lipid peroxidation are reported. Antioxidant constituents were also evaluated. Many of the findings are presented for the first time. Samples of T. nivea from different sources/origins exhibit variable but high antioxidant activity in all methods used. Phenolic compounds, free and bound, are present at relatively high levels and contribute significantly towards the antioxidant properties of T. nivea. Condensed tannins are present in appreciable levels. Ascorbic acid and carotenoids play a minor role in the antioxidant activity of T. nivea due to their low concentration. T. nivea contains primary and secondary antioxidants that exert their capacity through several mechanisms including direct radical scavenging and transition metal chelating. Ecological importance of the antioxidant activity of T. nivea is also discussed.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)

DNPH:

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine

DP:

Degree of polymerization

DPPH:

Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl

EC50 :

Effective concentration which gives 50 % radical inhibition activity

EDTA:

Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid

ET:

Electron transfer

FC:

Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (or method)

FRAP:

Ferric reducing/antioxidant power

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

HAT:

Hydrogen atom transfer

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NO:

Nitric oxide

PVPP:

Polyvinyl polypyrrolidone

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TEAC:

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity

TPTZ:

2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine

VCEAC:

Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity

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Acknowledgment

This work was financially supported by the Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, 32038, Sakhir Campus, Building S41, Sakhir, Kingdom of Bahrain

    Abdul Ameer A. Al-Laith

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  1. Abdul Ameer A. Al-Laith
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Varda Kagan-Zur

  2. Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Nurit Roth-Bejerano

  3. Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Yaron Sitrit

  4. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Asunción Morte

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Al-Laith, A.A.A. (2014). Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of the White Desert Truffle Tirmania nivea (Zubaidi). In: Kagan-Zur, V., Roth-Bejerano, N., Sitrit, Y., Morte, A. (eds) Desert Truffles. Soil Biology, vol 38. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40096-4_18

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