Abstract
Pharmacological treatment is necessary in patients at high risk for recurrent stone formation. Mostly the medication is used in addition to general preventive measures. To achieve a reasonably good compliance, the ideal pharmacological agent should halt the formation of stones, be free of side effects and be easy to administer. The following chapter highlights briefly the most important characteristics of the commonly used substances and their stone specific application in recurrence prevention.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Barbey F, Joly D, Rieu P, N’Guessau K, Daudon M, Jungers P (2000) Medical treatment of cystinuria: evaluation of long-term results in 30 patients. Presse Med 29(10):528–532
Barcelo P, Wuhl O, Servitge E, Rousaud A, Pak CY (1993) Randomized double-blind study of potassium citrate in idiopathic hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis. J Urol 150(6):1761–1764
Birwe H, Schneeberger W, Hesse A (1991) Investigations of the efficacy of ascorbic acid therapy in cystinuria. Urol Res 19(3):199–201
Borghi L, Meschi T, Guerra A, Novarini A (1993) Randomized prospective study of a nonthiazide diuretic, indapamide, in preventing calcium stone recurrences. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 22(Suppl 6):S78–S86
Brocks P, Dahl C, Wolf H, Transbol I (1981) Do thiazides prevent recurrent idiopathic renal calcium stones? Lancet 2(8238):124–125
Cameron MA, Sakhaee K (2007) Uric acid nephrolithiasis. Urol Clin North Am 34(3):335–346
Chow GK, Streem SB (1996) Medical treatment of cystinuria: results of contemporary clinical practice. J Urol 156(5):1576–1578
Coe FL, Clark C, Parks JH, Asplin JR (2001) Solid phase assay of urine cystine supersaturation in the presence of cystine binding drugs. J Urol 166(2):688–693
Costanzo LS, Windhager EE (1978) Calcium and sodium transport by the distal convoluted tubule of the rat. Am J Physiol 235(5):F492–F506
Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ (1997) Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Ann Intern Med 126(7):497–504
Denneberg T, Jeppsson JO, Stenberg P (1983) Alternative treatment of cystinuria with alpha-merkaptopropionylglycine, Thiola. Proc Eur Dial Transplant Assoc 20:427–433
Dolin DJ, Asplin JR, Flagel L, Grasso M, Goldfarb DS (2005) Effect of cystine-binding thiol drugs on urinary cystine capacity in patients with cystinuria. J Endourol 19(3):429–432
Domrongkitchaiporn S, Khositseth S, Stitchantrakul W, Tapaneya-olarn W, Radinahamed P (2002) Dosage of potassium citrate in the correction of urinary abnormalities in pediatric distal renal tubular acidosis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 39(2):383–391
Ettinger B, Tang A, Citron JT, Livermore B, Williams T (1986) Randomized trial of allopurinol in the prevention of calcium oxalate calculi. N Engl J Med 315(22):1386–1389
Ettinger B, Citron JT, Livermore B, Dolman LI (1988) Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not. J Urol 139(4):679–684
Ettinger B, Pak CY, Citron JT, Thomas C, Adams-Huet B, Vangessel A (1997) Potassium-magnesium citrate is an effective prophylaxis against recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Urol 158(6):2069–2073
Favus MJ, Coe FL (1980) The effects of allopurinol treatment on stone formation on hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate stone-formers. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 53:265–271
Fink HA, Akornor JW, Garimella PS, MacDonald R, Cutting A, Rutks IR et al (2009) Diet, fluid, or supplements for secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Urol 56(1):72–80
Griffith DP, Gleeson MJ, Lee H, Longuet R, Deman E, Earle N (1991) Randomized, double-blind trial of Lithostat (acetohydroxamic acid) in the palliative treatment of infection-induced urinary calculi. Eur Urol 20(3):243–247
Hesse A, Heimbach D (1999) Causes of phosphate stone formation and the importance of metaphylaxis by urinary acidification: a review. World J Urol 17(5):308–315
Hesse AT, Tiselius H-G, Siener R, Hoppe B (eds) (2009) Urinary Stones, 3rd edn. Karger, Basel
Hofbauer J, Hobarth K, Szabo N, Marberger M (1994) Alkali citrate prophylaxis in idiopathic recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis–a prospective randomized study. Br J Urol 73(4):362–365
Hoppe B, Kemper MJ (2010) Diagnostic examination of the child with urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis. Pediatr Nephrol 25(3):403–413
Hoppe B, Langman CB (2003) A United States survey on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of primary hyperoxaluria. Pediatr Nephrol 18(10):986–991
Hoppe B, Beck BB, Milliner DS (2009) The primary hyperoxalurias. Kidney Int 75(12):1264–1271
Jarrar K, Boedeker RH, Weidner W (1996) Struvite stones: long term follow up under metaphylaxis. Ann Urol (Paris) 30(3):112–117
Johansson G, Backman U, Danielson BG, Fellstrom B, Ljunghall S, Wikstrom B (1982) Effects of magnesium hydroxide in renal stone disease. J Am Coll Nutr 1(2):179–185
Laerum E, Larsen S (1984) Thiazide prophylaxis of urolithiasis. A double-blind study in general practice. Acta Med Scand 215(4):383–389
Maxwell AP (2007) Genetic renal abnormalities. Medicine 35(7):386–392
Miano L, Petta S, Galatioto GP et al (1985) A placebo controlled double-blind study of allopurinol in severe recurrent idiopathic renal lithiasis. In: Schwille PO, Smith LH, Robertson WG, Vahlensieck W (eds) Urolithiasis and related clinical research. Plenum Press, New York, pp 521–524
Monico CG, Rossetti S, Olson JB, Milliner DS (2005) Pyridoxine effect in type I primary hyperoxaluria is associated with the most common mutant allele. Kidney Int 67(5):1704–1709
Mortensen JT, Schultz A, Ostergaard AH (1986) Thiazides in the prophylactic treatment of recurrent idiopathic kidney stones. Int Urol Nephrol 18(3):265–269
Ohkawa M, Tokunaga S, Nakashima T, Orito M, Hisazumi H (1992) Thiazide treatment for calcium urolithiasis in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Br J Urol 69(6):571–576
Pak CY, Fuller C, Sakhaee K, Zerwekh JE, Adams BV (1986) Management of cystine nephrolithiasis with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine. J Urol 136(5):1003–1008
Pearle MS, Roehrborn CG, Pak CY (1999) Meta-analysis of randomized trials for medical prevention of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. J Endourol 13(9):679–685
Pearle MS, Asplin JR, Coe FL, Rodgers A, Worcester EM (2008) (Committee 3). Medical management of urolithiasis. In: Denstedt J, Khoury S (eds) 2nd International consultation on stone disease. Health Publications, Paris. pp 57–84. ISBN 0–9546956–7–4. http://www.icud.info/publications.html
Prien EL Sr, Gershoff SF (1974) Magnesium oxide-pyridoxine therapy for recurrent calcium oxalate calculi. J Urol 112(4):509–512
Robertson WG, Peacock M, Selby PL et al (1985) Urolithiasis and related clinical research. Plenum Press, New York, pp 545–548
Schell-Feith EA, Moerdijk A, van Zwieten PH, Zonderland HM, Holscher HC, Kist-van Holthe J et al (2006) Does citrate prevent nephrocalcinosis in preterm neonates? Pediatr Nephrol 21(12):1830–1836
Scholz D, Schwille PO, Sigel A (1982) Double-blind study with thiazide in recurrent calcium lithiasis. J Urol 128(5):903–907
Silverberg SJ, Bilezikian JP (2006) The diagnosis and management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2(9):494–503
Sorensen HA (2002) Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. BMJ 325(7368):785–786
Stitchantrakul W, Sopassathit W, Prapaipanich S, Domrongkitchaiporn S (2004) Effects of calcium supplements on the risk of renal stone formation in a population with low oxalate intake. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35(4):1028–1033
Straub M, Strohmaier WL, Berg W, Beck B, Hoppe B, Laube N et al (2005) Diagnosis and metaphylaxis of stone disease. Consensus concept of the National Working Committee on stone disease for the upcoming German Urolithiasis guideline. World J Urol 23(5):309–323
Takei K, Ito H, Masai M, Kotake T (1998) Oral calcium supplement decreases urinary oxalate excretion in patients with enteric hyperoxaluria. Urol Int 61(3):192–195
Tekin A, Tekgul S, Atsu N, Sahin A, Bakkaloglu M (2001) Cystine calculi in children: the results of a metabolic evaluation and response to medical therapy. J Urol 165(6 Pt 2):2328–2330
Tiselius HG, Berg C, Fornander AM, Nilsson MA (1993) Effects of citrate on the different phases of calcium oxalate crystallization. Scanning Microsc 7(1):381–389, discussion 9–90
Türk CKT, Petric A, Sarica K, Straub M, Seitz C (2011) Guidelines on Urolithiasis. In: Urology EAo (ed) EAU Guidelines, 2011th edn. EAU, Arnhem
von Unruh GE, Voss S, Sauerbruch T, Hesse A (2004) Dependence of oxalate absorption on the daily calcium intake. J Am Soc Nephrol 15(6):1567–1573
Williams JJ, Rodman JS, Peterson CM (1984) A randomized double-blind study of acetohydroxamic acid in struvite nephrolithiasis. N Engl J Med 311(12):760–764
Wilson DR, Strauss AL, Manuel MA (1984) Comparison of medical treatments for the prevention of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Urol Res 12:39–40
Wong HY, Riedl CR, Griffith DP (1996) Medical management and prevention of struvite stones. In: Coe FL, Favus MJ, Pak CYC, Parks JH, Preminger GM (eds) Kidney stones: medical and surgical management. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, pp 941–950
Yendt ER (1970) Renal calculi. Can Med Assoc J 102(5):479–489
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Straub, M. (2013). Pharmacological Stone Prevention. In: Knoll, T., Pearle, M. (eds) Clinical Management of Urolithiasis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28732-9_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28732-9_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28731-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28732-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)