Abstract
Being sessile, plants have to cope with many adverse environmental changes, including changing nutrient availability. Adequate availability of mineral macronutrients (e.g., N, P, K, S) and micronutrients (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn) in the soil and their acquisition are vitally important for plant growth, development, and reproduction. Too little or too much of the nutrients negatively affects these traits and hence plant fitness and survival. Therefore, cellular concentrations of these nutrients have to be maintained at physiological levels, and adaptive physiological or developmental responses need to be initiated if necessary. Over the last few years, some nutrient-responsive microRNAs (miRs) have been discovered primarily in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), and several quickly evolved as critical components in scenarios such as regulation of plant P, S, or Cu homeostasis, or plant developmental adaptations to N availability. Several of these nutrient-responsive miRs also were found in phloem, i.e., the conductive vessels of plants, and a few were shown to act as systemic, long-distance signals. The presence of these miRs, their conserved nutrient response, and target genes in many higher plant species suggest deep conservation of the regulatory mechanisms. This chapter highlights and summarizes these discoveries.
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Abbreviations
- AFB:
-
Auxin F-box receptor
- APS:
-
ATP sulfurylase
- ARF:
-
Auxin-responsive transcription factor
- A. thaliana :
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
- BAH:
-
Benzoic acid hypersensitive
- CCS1:
-
Copper chaperone CCS1
- COX5b:
-
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit V
- C. reinhardtii :
-
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
- CSD:
-
Copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) superoxide dismutases
- GFP:
-
Green fluorescent protein
- GUS:
-
Beta glucuronidase
- IPS1:
-
INDUCED BY PHOSPHATE STARVATION 1
- LNA:
-
Locked nucleic acid
- LR:
-
Lateral root
- miR:
-
microRNA
- miR*:
-
miR star strand
- NF:
-
Nuclear factor
- NLA:
-
Nitrogen limitation adaptation
- PC:
-
Plastocyanin
- PHO2:
-
E2 ubiquitin ligase PHO2
- Pi:
-
(Inorganic) phosphate
- PSI:
-
Phosphate starvation induced
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- RACE:
-
Rapid amplification of cDNA ends
- RNA:
-
Ribonucleic acid
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SPL:
-
SQUAMOSA promoter binding transcription factor
- SPX:
-
Eucaryotic protein domain named after Syg1, Pho81 and XPR1
- UBC:
-
Ubiquitin conjugase
- UTR:
-
Untranslated region
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Scheible, WR., Pant, B.D., Musialak-Lange, M., Nuc, P. (2011). Nutrient-Responsive Plant microRNAs. In: Erdmann, V., Barciszewski, J. (eds) Non Coding RNAs in Plants. RNA Technologies. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19454-2_20
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