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Renal Cell Carcinoma

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Radiological Imaging of the Kidney

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Diagn Imaging))

Abstract

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary renal malignant neoplasm in adults. Approximately, 25–30% of cases present with metastatic disease and 2% of cases may have lesions in bilateral kidneys at the time of presentation. Extensive use of cross-sectional imaging in recent years has resulted in detection of such carcinoma incidentally at an early stage. Approximately 36% of RCCs are discovered incidentally. The radiologist should be aware of this and once a suspected mass is identified, further investigations should be instituted. Solid or complex cystic lesions are best characterized by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast enhancement. These cross-sectional modalities are also indispensable in the staging and restaging of suspected RCC lesions. Other modalities including ultrasound and PET can also be utilized to play a complimentary role. Image-guided percutaneous renal biopsy is safe and accurate in sampling the lesion and reaching a final histopathological diagnosis. As the frequency of detection of renal masses increases and the utility of percutaneous biopsy and minimally invasive interventions including radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transarterial embolization (TAE) and nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) become more common, we are likely to see these procedures become more frequently employed in patient management.

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  1. Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02118, USA

    Nagaraj-Setty Holalkere, Daichi Hayashi & Ali Guermazi

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  1. Nagaraj-Setty Holalkere
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  2. Daichi Hayashi
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  1. Ospedale di Cattinara, Ist. Radiologia, Università Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, 34149, Italy

    Emilio Quaia

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Holalkere, NS., Hayashi, D., Guermazi, A. (2010). Renal Cell Carcinoma. In: Quaia, E. (eds) Radiological Imaging of the Kidney. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87597-0_21

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