Abstract
It has been argued that in some languages, attitude verbs shift the reference of indexicals in the embedded clauses [1,2,3]. I argue that not only overt attitude predicates but also implicit emotive modality is a context-shifting operator that changes the context parameters. I base my argument on the following three mono-clausal constructions: (i) fake past (ii) fake present, and (iii) discourse initial sentence focus also/even/too. Surprise licenses non-past interpretation of the past tense [4] with negative presupposition. Alternation between past and present directs readers to re-experience narratives [5]. A speaker’s emotion or sentiment licenses wide-scope also/too without explicit antecedents. Finally, covert modal is grammatically represented as a determiner-like element that takes negative presupposition in the restrictor and overt predicate in the nuclear scope [6,7,8,9].
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Nishiguchi, S. (2007). Covert Emotive Modality Is a Monster. In: Washio, T., Satoh, K., Takeda, H., Inokuchi, A. (eds) New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. JSAI 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 4384. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69902-6_17
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