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Physiological Substrates of RBD Subtypes

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Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

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Abstract

During the last 10 years, two of the major discoveries made on the control of waking and sleep that have helped revolutionize our understanding of these two states will be addressed in regard to their relevance to RBD and its subtypes. This research was directed at the partly cholinergic pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the portion of the reticular activating system (RAS) that is active during waking and REM sleep, but less active during slow-wave sleep, and at its REM sleep-related target, the subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD). As such, the PPN modulates the manifestation of waking through ascending projections to the intralaminar thalamus, as well as the manifestation of REM sleep through descending projections to the SubCD. It was found that these regions possess a proportion of cells that are electrically coupled through gap junctions, thus promoting coherence within each nucleus, and that every cell in the PPN manifests gamma-band activity through intrinsic membrane properties that can be exported to its targets. Neither mechanism has been studied extensively for its involvement in RBD or its subtypes. However, there is little doubt that research into these areas will permit a deeper understanding of RBD disease subtypes and their underlying mechanisms and point to novel directions for treatment.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by NIGMS IDeA program award P30 GM110702. We appreciate the work of S. Mahaffey in making the figures for this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA

    Edgar Garcia-Rill

  2. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, and Departments of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck

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  1. Edgar Garcia-Rill
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Correspondence to Edgar Garcia-Rill .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Departments of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck

  2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Birgit Högl

  3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Aleksandar Videnovic

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Garcia-Rill, E., Schenck, C.H. (2019). Physiological Substrates of RBD Subtypes. In: Schenck, C., Högl, B., Videnovic, A. (eds) Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_13

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