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Origin and Evolution of Marine Fungi

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Fungi in Coastal and Oceanic Marine Ecosystems

Abstract

Osmoheterotrophic mode of nutrition evolved independently in the Kingdom Mycetae and the Kingdom Straminipila. The Kingdom Mycetae and the Kingdom Metazoa share a common ancestor. The Kingdom Mycetae and its closest relatives, the ARM group, are most closely related to nucleariids, a group of single-celled opisthokont amoeboid protists. Mycetaen fungi probably evolved from a phagotrophic life style around 760 Mya–1.06 Bya. There is still a large uncertainty whether the fungi originated and underwent divergence in the sea, much, or on land. An association of a fungus with a phototroph helped establishment of eukaryotes on land. Marine ascomycetes arose through several independent migrations of terrestrial and freshwater ascomycetes to the sea. At least three lineages of the Basidiomycota migrated from freshwater and terrestrial to the marine ecosystem. The monophyletic Kingdom Straminipila and the sister clade alveolates shared a common ancestor, which was a mixotroph with photosynthetic and phagotrophic nutrition. Osmoheterotrophy of the three groups of fungi among Straminipila, Oomycetes, Hyphochytriomycetes, and Labyrinthulomyces evolved independently of each other. All three groups appear to have originated in the sea.

It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is most adaptable to change.

Charles Darwin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Formerly of CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Vainguinnim Valley, Dona Paula, Goa, India

    Seshagiri Raghukumar

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Raghukumar, S. (2017). Origin and Evolution of Marine Fungi. In: Fungi in Coastal and Oceanic Marine Ecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54304-8_14

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