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Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microorganisms

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Extremophiles: Applications in Nanotechnology

Abstract

Microorganisms capable of synthesizing nanoparticles are prevalent microflora of the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. These microorganisms are involved in biogeochemical cycling of metals in processes such as precipitation (biomineralization), decomposition (bioweathering), and degradation (biocorrosion). The biosynthesis of metal NPs by microbes is a function of heavy metal toxicity resistance mechanisms. Resistance mechanisms range from redox enzymes that convert toxic metal ions to inert forms, structural proteins that bind protein, or through the use of efflux proteins that transport metal ions by proton motive force, chemiosmotic gradients, or ATP hydrolysis, which work together to coordinate synthesis nanoparticle synthesis. This chapter focuses on the biological systems; bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and algae for utilization in nanotechnology, especially in the development of a reliable and eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. The rich microbial diversity points to their innate potential for acting as potential biofactories for nanoparticles synthesis.

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  1. Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA

    Sonia Tiquia-Arashiro

  2. University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Debora Rodrigues

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Tiquia-Arashiro, S., Rodrigues, D. (2016). Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microorganisms. In: Extremophiles: Applications in Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45215-9_1

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