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Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton of Europe

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Abstract

Zooplankton species are distributed throughout the three-dimensional water body and most species are motile, which means that their distribution (vertically and horizontally) is variable and tends to be patchy (Tonolli 1971b; Levin and Segel 1976; Vilar et al. 2003). The term “patchiness” was first introduced by Hardy in 1936, but the concept was first described by Haeckel in 1890 with the observation that plankton was not “evenly” distributed (Cassie 1968). Various species have different environmental preferences and occupy different habitats, which along with water movements produces spatial and temporal heterogeneity. The various methods of collecting and counting zooplankton can lead to gear- and method-specific biases (Mack et al. 2012). Therefore, quantitative sampling and counting are difficult. Errors associated with quantitative research may be categorized into three types. Errors associated with (1) counting the specimens in a sample, errors associated with (2) obtaining a representative sample of the population in a site and water body (Wetzel and Likens 1990), and errors associated with the proper (3) species identification. We will deal with these errors and their solutions more deeply in the following subchapters.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Miller Worley Center for the Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA

    Leszek A. Błędzki

  2. Department of Hydrobiology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

    Jan Igor Rybak

Authors
  1. Leszek A. Błędzki
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  2. Jan Igor Rybak
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Błędzki, L.A., Rybak, J.I. (2016). Methods. In: Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton of Europe . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29871-9_4

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