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Characteristics of Orders and Families with a List of European Genera and Species

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Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton of Europe

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Abstract

The order Calanoida is composed of species with 16–26-segmented antennules and biramous antennae. The leg P5 is modified into a copulatory organ in males. The abdomen is narrow and a heart is present. The order is composed of 42 families with 289 genera of which only four families are present exclusively in freshwaters and another five are freshwater and marine. Only four families and 22 genera are reported from European freshwaters (Dussart and Defaye 2001, 2002; Boxshall and Halsey 2004). The order Calanoida is a rather homogeneous group, adapted primarily to planktonic life (Park 1986). Andronov (1974) divided the order of Calanoida into nine superfamilies (based on the structure of the male A1 and legs P1–P6 in both sexes) and later Park (1986) divided them into 11 superfamilies, which was generally recognized by Boxshall and Halsey (2004). The first parsimony-based phylogeny using morphological data for the calanoid copepods was provided by Bradford-Grieve et al. (2010). Soon after, Blanco-Bercial et al. (2011) elaborated the molecular-based phylogenetic analysis. Both analyses (morphological and molecular) recover several monophyletic lineages within the Calanoida that largely conform to the superfamilies recognized in intuitive classification by Andronov (1974), Park (1986), and Boxshall and Halsey (2004).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Subfamily Halicyclopinae is not represented in European freshwaters but reported only from European estuarine, brackish and marine coastal waters, not considered here.

  2. 2.

    Genera not reported from European continental surface freshwaters but were found in caves, wells or ground waters in Europe and are not considered here.

  3. 3.

    Species not reported from European continental surface freshwaters (found in caves, wells or ground waters) and not considered here. The index of serrulatus -group—after Alekseev and Defaye (2011).

  4. 4.

    Here, listed are only species recorded in European continental surface waters. Species from wells, groundwater, interstitial water, caves, etc. are not considered.

  5. 5.

    Here listed are only species recorded in European continental surface waters. Species exclusively from wells, groundwater, interstitial water, caves, etc. are not considered

  6. 6.

    Species not reported from European continental surface freshwaters (found in caves, wells or ground waters) and not considered here.

  7. 7.

    Note, that Mesocyclops bodanicola Kiefer, 1929 has been considered as a pelagic ecotype of M. leuckarti (Dussart 1969; Hołyńska et al. 2003), but this opinion should be confirmed by molecular analysis.

  8. 8.

    The not European records of M. stammeri from reservoirs in Algeria and Turkey (Amar et al. 2012; Dorak et al. 2013) are doubtful and should be verified.

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  1. Miller Worley Center for the Environment and Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA

    Leszek A. Błędzki

  2. Department of Hydrobiology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland

    Jan Igor Rybak

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  1. Leszek A. Błędzki
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Błędzki, L.A., Rybak, J.I. (2016). Characteristics of Orders and Families with a List of European Genera and Species. In: Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton of Europe . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29871-9_16

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