Skip to main content

Frontotemporal Approach

  • Chapter
Midline Skull Base Surgery

Abstract

“Craniopharyngioma” is the name introduced by Cushing for tumors derived “from epithelial rests ascribable to an imperfect closure of the hypophysial or craniopharyngeal duct” [12]. It may arise anywhere along the craniopharyngeal duct: 4 % are purely intrasellar, 21 % are sellar-suprasellar, and 75 % are suprasellar alone, often with extension up into the third ventricle [24].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agarwal CA, Mendenhall SD 3rd, Foreman KB, Owsley JQ (2010) The course of the frontal branch of the facial nerve in relation to fascial planes: an anatomic study. Plast Reconstr Surg 125(2):532–537. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181c82e9d

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ammirati M, Spallone A, Ma J, Cheatham M, Becker D (1993) An anatomicosurgical study of the temporal branch of the facial nerve. Neurosurgery 33(6):1038–1043; discussion 1044

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Apuzzo MLJ, Litofsky NS (1993) Surgery in and around the anterior third ventricle. In: Brain surgery: complication avoidance and management. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 541–579

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bernstein L, Nelson RH (1984) Surgical anatomy of the extraparotid distribution of the facial nerve. Arch Otolaryngol 110(3):177–183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bladowska J, Zimny A, Guzinski M, Halon A, Tabakow P, Czyz M, Czapiga B, Jarmundowicz W, Sasiadek MJ (2013) Usefulness of perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging with signal-intensity curves analysis in the differential diagnosis of sellar and parasellar tumors: preliminary report. Eur J Radiol 82(8):1292–1298. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.01.033

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Brassier G, Morandi X, Tayiar E, Riffaud L, Chabert E, Heresbach N, Poirier JY, Carsin-Nicol B (1999) Rathke’s cleft cysts: surgical-MRI correlation in 16 symptomatic cases. J Neuroradiol 26(3):162–171

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cappabianca P, Cavallo LM, Esposito F, De Divitiis O, Messina A, De Divitiis E (2008) Extended endoscopic endonasal approach to the midline skull base: the evolving role of transsphenoidal surgery. Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 33:151–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Cardali S, Romano A, Angileri FF, Conti A, La Torre D, de Divitiis O, d’Avella D, Tschabitscher M, Tomasello F (2005) Microsurgical anatomic features of the olfactory nerve: relevance to olfaction preservation in the pterional approach. Neurosurgery 57(1 Suppl):17–21; discussion 17–21

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cavallo LM, de Divitiis O, Aydin S, Messina A, Esposito F, Iaconetta G, Talat K, Cappabianca P, Tschabitscher M (2007) Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach to the suprasellar area: anatomic considerations – part 1. Neurosurgery 61:ONS-24–ONS-34

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cavallo LM, Frank G, Cappabianca P, Solari D, Mazzatenta D, Villa A, Zoli M, D’Enza AI, Esposito F, Pasquini E (2014) The endoscopic endonasal approach for the management of craniopharyngiomas: a series of 103 patients. J Neurosurg 121(1):100–113. doi:10.3171/2014.3.JNS131521

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Coscarella E, Vishteh AG, Spetzler RF, Seoane E, Zabramski JM (2000) Subfascial and submuscular methods of temporal muscle dissection and their relationship to the frontal branch of the facial nerve. Technical note. J Neurosurg 92(5):877–880. doi:10.3171/jns.2000.92.5.0877

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cushing H (1932) The craniopharyngiomas. In: Intracranial tumors: notes upon a series of two thousand verified cases with surgical mortality percentages pertaining thereto. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, pp 93–98

    Google Scholar 

  13. de Divitiis E, Cappabianca P, Cavallo LM (2002) Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach: adaptability of the procedure to different sellar lesions. Neurosurgery 51(3):699–705; discussion 705–707

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. de Divitiis E, Cavallo LM, Cappabianca P, Esposito F (2007) Extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for the removal of suprasellar tumors: Part 2. Neurosurgery 60(1):46–58; discussion 58–59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. de Divitiis O, Angileri FF, d’Avella D, Tschabitscher M, Tomasello F (2002) Microsurgical anatomic features of the lamina terminalis. Neurosurgery 50(3):563–569; discussion 569–570

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Elliott RE, Hsieh K, Hochm T, Belitskaya-Levy I, Wisoff J, Wisoff JH (2010) Efficacy and safety of radical resection of primary and recurrent craniopharyngiomas in 86 children. J Neurosurg Pediatr 5(1):30–48. doi:10.3171/2009.7.PEDS09215

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fahlbusch R, Honegger J, Paulus W, Huk W, Buchfelder M (1999) Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: experience with 168 patients. J Neurosurg 90(2):237–250

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Feng WF, Qi ST, Huang SP, Huang LJ (2005) [Surgical treatment of anterior circulation aneurysm via pterion keyhole approach]. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao 25(12):1546–1548, 1551

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Freeman MP, Kessler RM, Allen JH, Price AC (1987) Craniopharyngioma: CT and MR imaging in nine cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 11(5):810–814

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Froelich SC, Aziz KM, Levine NB, Theodosopoulos PV, van Loveren HR, Keller JT (2007) Refinement of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy: surgical anatomy of the orbitotemporal periosteal fold. Neurosurgery 61(5 Suppl 2):179–185; discussion 185–176. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000303215.76477.cd

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gonzalez LF, Crawford NR, Horgan MA, Deshmukh P, Zabramski JM, Spetzler RF (2002) Working area and angle of attack in three cranial base approaches: pterional, orbitozygomatic, and maxillary extension of the orbitozygomatic approach. Neurosurgery 50(3):550–555; discussion 555–557

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Gosain AK, Sewall SR, Yousif NJ (1997) The temporal branch of the facial nerve: how reliably can we predict its path? Plast Reconstr Surg 99(5):1224–1233; discussion 1234–1226

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Harwood-Nash DC (1994) Neuroimaging of childhood craniopharyngioma. Pediatr Neurosurg 21:2–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Jane JA Jr, Laws ER (2006) Craniopharyngioma. Pituitary 9:323–326

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Koutourousiou M, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Tyler-Kabara EC, Wang EW, Snyderman CH (2013) Endoscopic endonasal surgery for craniopharyngiomas: surgical outcome in 64 patients. J Neurosurg 119(5):1194–1207. doi:10.3171/2013.6.JNS122259

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lehmberg J, Krieg SM, Meyer B (2014) Anterior clinoidectomy. Acta Neurochir 156(2):415–419; discussion 419. doi:10.1007/s00701-013-1960-1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Lovejoy CO, Meindl RS, Mensforth RP, Barton TJ (1985) Multifactorial determination of skeletal age at death: a method and blind tests of its accuracy. Am J Phys Anthropol 68(1):1–14. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330680102

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Maira G, Anile C, Rossi GF, Colosimo C (1995) Surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas: an evaluation of the transsphenoidal and pterional approaches. Neurosurgery 36(4):715–724

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Moore KL, Dalley AF (1999) Clinically oriented anatomy, 4th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 836–842

    Google Scholar 

  30. Morana G, Maghnie M, Rossi A (2010) Pituitary tumors: advances in neuroimaging. Endocr Dev 17:160–174. doi:10.1159/000262537

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Nagy L, Ishii K, Karatas A, Shen H, Vajda J, Niemela M, Jaaskelainen J, Hernesniemi J, Toth S (2006) Water dissection technique of Toth for opening neurosurgical cleavage planes. Surg Neurol 65(1):38–41; discussion 41. doi:10.1016/j.surneu.2005.08.025

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Naylor MF, Scheithauer BW, Forbes GS, Tomlinson FH, Young WF (1995) Rathke cleft cyst: CT, MR, and pathology of 23 cases. J Comput Assist Tomogr 19(6):853–859

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Oguz O, Sanli SG, Bozkir MG, Soames RW (2004) The pterion in Turkish male skulls. Surg Radiol Anat 26(3):220–224. doi:10.1007/s00276-003-0210-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Oikawa S, Mizuno M, Muraoka S, Kobayashi S (1996) Retrograde dissection of the temporalis muscle preventing muscle atrophy for pterional craniotomy. Technical note. J Neurosurg 84(2):297–299. doi:10.3171/jns.1996.84.2.0297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Osborn A (2012) Osborn’s brain: imaging, pathology and anatomy. Amirsys Pub, Salt Lake City

    Google Scholar 

  36. Patterson RH Jr, Danylevich A (1980) Surgical removal of craniopharyngiomas by the transcranial approach through the lamina terminalis and sphenoid sinus. Neurosurgery 7(2):111–117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Pigeau I, Sigal R, Halimi P, Comoy J, Doyon D (1988) MRI features of craniopharyngiomas at 1.5 tesla. A series of 13 cases. J Neuroradiol 15(3):276–287

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Pitanguy I, Ramos AS (1966) The frontal branch of the facial nerve: the importance of its variations in face lifting. Plast Reconstr Surg 38(4):352–356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Renn WH, Rhoton AL Jr (1975) Microsurgical anatomy of the sellar region. J Neurosurg 43(3):288–298

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Rennert J, Doerfler A (2007) Imaging of sellar and parasellar lesions. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 109(2):111–124. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2006.11.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Rhoton AL Jr (1987) Microsurgical anatomy of the third ventricular region. In: Surgery of the third ventricle. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 92–167

    Google Scholar 

  42. Saxena RC, Bilodi AK, Mane SS, Kumar A (2003) Study of pterion in skulls of Awadh area–in and around Lucknow. Kathmandu Univ Med J 1(1):32–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Spetzler RF, Lee KS (1990) Reconstruction of the temporalis muscle for the pterional craniotomy. Technical note. J Neurosurg 73(4):636–637. doi:10.3171/jns.1990.73.4.0636

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Standring S, Ellis H, Healy JC, Johnson D (2005) Gray’s anatomy, 39th edn. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, pp 442–471

    Google Scholar 

  45. Sutton LN, Wang ZJ, Wehrli SL, Marwaha S, Molloy P, Phillips PC, Zimmerman RA (1997) Proton spectroscopy of suprasellar tumors in pediatric patients. Neurosurgery 41(2):388–394; discussion 394–385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Tomita T, McLone DG (1993) Radical resections of childhood craniopharyngiomas. Pediatr Neurosurg 19(1):6–14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Toth S, Vajda J, Pasztor E, Toth Z (1987) Separation of the tumor and brain surface by “water jet” in cases of meningiomas. J Neurooncol 5(2):117–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Trussler AP, Stephan P, Hatef D, Schaverien M, Meade R, Barton FE (2010) The frontal branch of the facial nerve across the zygomatic arch: anatomical relevance of the high-SMAS technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 125(4):1221–1229. doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181d18136

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Tsuda M, Takahashi S, Higano S, Kurihara N, Ikeda H, Sakamoto K (1997) CT and MR imaging of craniopharyngioma. Eur Radiol 7(4):464–469. doi:10.1007/s003300050184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Urzi F, Iannello A, Torrisi A, Foti P, Mortellaro NF, Cavallaro M (2003) Morphological variability of pterion in the human skull. Ital J Anat Embryol 108(2):83–117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Yamamoto I, Rhoton AL Jr, Peace DA (1981) Microsurgery of the third ventricle: part I. Microsurgical anatomy. Neurosurgery 8(3):334–356

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Yasargil MG (1996) Craniopharyngiomas. In: Microneurosurgery IVB: microneurosurgery of CNS tumors. Thieme Medical Publishers, New York, pp 205–216

    Google Scholar 

  53. Yasargil MG, Curcic M, Kis M, Siegenthaler G, Teddy PJ, Roth P (1990) Total removal of craniopharyngiomas. Approaches and long-term results in 144 patients. J Neurosurg 73(1):3–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Yasargil MG, Reichman MV, Kubik S (1987) Preservation of the frontotemporal branch of the facial nerve using the interfascial temporalis flap for pterional craniotomy. Technical article. J Neurosurg 67(3):463–466. doi:10.3171/jns.1987.67.3.0463

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Youssef AS, Ahmadian A, Ramos E, Vale F, van Loveren HR (2012) Combined subgaleal/myocutaneous technique for temporalis muscle dissection. J Neurol Surg Part B Skull Base 73(6):387–393. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1326778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Zacharia BE, Bruce SS, Goldstein H, Malone HR, Neugut AI, Bruce JN (2012) Incidence, treatment and survival of patients with craniopharyngioma in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program. Neuro Oncol 14(8):1070–1078. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos142

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Zimmerman RA (1990) Imaging of intrasellar, suprasellar, and parasellar tumors. Semin Roentgenol 25(2):174–197

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

The editors wish to thank Peter A. Winkler for the original drawing prepared for this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oreste de Divitiis MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

1 Electronic Supplementary Material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Video 11.1

(MP4 6359 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de Divitiis, O. et al. (2016). Frontotemporal Approach. In: Cappabianca, P., Cavallo, L., de Divitiis, O., Esposito, F. (eds) Midline Skull Base Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21533-4_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21533-4_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-21532-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-21533-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics