Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque disruption leads to myocardial infarction and stroke, but current clinical diagnostic tests lack the ability to predict which patients will suffer these complications. New strategies to define high-risk plaque biology in vivo hold promise to differentiate stable from vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Plaque proteolytic activity has emerged as a key target for identifying vulnerable plaques given its association with plaque inflammation and role in mechanical destabilization of plaques. Protease activity can now be evaluated in vivo with intravascular molecular imaging, a leading technology to identify inflammation in high-risk atherosclerotic plaques in coronary-sized arteries. In particular, hybrid catheters combining micrometer-resolution optical frequency domain structural imaging and high-sensitivity near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging are proving to be powerful tools to investigate plaque biology in living subjects with clear translational potential for human use. Ultimately, through additional validation in human clinical trials, intravascular imaging of proteolytic activity and inflammation could inform new treatment strategies for atherosclerotic vascular disease that are likely to have significant impact on cardiovascular health.
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Acknowledgements
NIH R01 HL 108229 and American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant #0830352N (FJ); Harvard Catalyst KL2/Medical Research Investigator Training Award NIH 1UL1 TR001102-01 and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Cardiovascular Division (EO).
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Osborn, E.A., Jaffer, F.A. (2015). Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Proteolytic Activity. In: Aikawa, E. (eds) Cardiovascular Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09268-3_4
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