Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are mainly known as biocontrol and beneficial microbes useful for a range of applications, from seed coating to post-harvest, from soil to foliar, and able to provide a variety of benefits by using a plethora of mechanisms. No other beneficial fungus in the agriculture field has received so much combined attention from science and the commercial market. However, as indicated from the many hundreds of related publications normally produced each year, we are far from fully understanding the potential of these incredibly successful, from an ecological point of view, bionts. This chapter briefly summarizes the main knowledge of the interactions established by agriculturally useful Trichodermas, and discusses the next future scenario of the use of these natural, multi-purpose tools.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Atanasova L, Le Crom S, Gruber S et al (2013) Comparative transcriptomics reveals different strategies of Trichoderma mycoparasitism. BMC Genomics 14:121
Battaglia D, Bossi S, Cascone P et al (2013) Tomato below ground–above ground interactions: Trichoderma longibrachiatum affects the performance of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and its natural antagonists. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 26:1249–1256
Bernard E, Larkin RP, Tavantzis S et al (2012) Compost, rapeseed rotation, and biocontrol agents significantly impact soil microbial communities in organic and conventional potato production systems. Appl Soil Ecol 52:29–41
Brotman Y, Landau U, Cuadros-Inostroza A et al (2013) Trichoderma-plant root colonization: escaping early plant defense responses and activationof the antioxidant machinery for saline stress tolerance. PLoS Pathog 9(3)
Chaverri P, Samuels GJ (2013) Evolution of host affiliation and substrate preference in the cosmopolitan fungal genus Trichoderma with evidence of interkingdom host jumps. Evolution 67:2823–2837
Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macías-Rodríguez L, Cortés-Penagos C et al (2009) Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances root biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 149:1579–1592
Cumagun CJR (2012) Managing plant diseases and promoting sustainability and productivity with Trichoderma: the Philippine experience. J Agric Sci Technol 14:699–714
Dean R, Van Kan JAL, Pretorius ZA et al (2012) The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology. Mol Plant Pathol 13:414–430
Druzhinina IS, Seidl-Seiboth V, Herrera-Estrella A et al (2011) Trichoderma: the genomics of opportunistic success. Nat Rev Microbiol 9:749–759
Ha TN (2010) Using Trichoderma species for biological control of plant pathogens in Viet Nam. J Issaas 16:17–21
Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A et al (2004) Trichoderma species—opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nat Rev Microbiol 2:43–56
Harman GE, Obregón MA, Samuels GJ et al (2010) Changing models for commercialization and implementation of biocontrol in the developing and developed world. Plant Dis 94:928–938
Hermosa R, Belen Rubio M, Cardoza RE et al (2013) The contribution of Trichoderma to balancing the costs of plant growth and defense. Int Microbiol 16:69–80
Keswani C, Mishra S, Sarma B et al (2014) Unraveling the efficient applications of secondary metabolites of various Trichoderma spp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:533–544
Lorito M, Woo SL, Garcia FI et al (1998) Genes from mycoparasitic fungi as a source for improving plant resistance to fungal pathogens. PNAS 95:7860–7865
Lorito M, Woo SL, Harman GE et al (2010) Translational research on Trichoderma: from ’omics to the field. Annu Rev Phytopathol 48:395–417
Martinez-Medina A, Fernandez I, Sánchez-Guzmán MJ et al (2013) Deciphering the hormonal signalling network behind the systemic resistance induced by Trichoderma harzianum in tomato. Front Plant Sci 4:206
Mastouri F, Björkman T, Harman GE (2012) Trichoderma harzianum enhances antioxidant defense of tomato seedlings and resistance to water defecit. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 9:1264–1271
Mukherjee PK, Horwitz BA, Herrera-Estrella A et al (2013) Trichoderma research in the genome era. Annu Rev Phytopathol 51:105–129
Mukherjee PK, Horwitz BA, Kenerley CM (2012) Secondary metabolism in Trichoderma—a genomic perspective. Microbiology 158:35–45
Perazzolli M, Roatti B, Bozza E et al (2011) Trichoderma harzianum T39 induces resistanceagainst downy mildew by priming for defence without costs for grapevine. Biol Control 58:74–82
Ramão-Dumaresque AS, de Araújo AS, Talbot NJ et al (2012) RNA interference of endochitinases in sugarcane endophyte Trichoderma virens 223 reduces its fitness as a biocontrol agent of pineapple disease. PLoS One 7(10):e47888
Roldán A, Albacete P, Jose A (2011) The interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi or Trichoderma harzianum alters the shoot hormonal profile in melon plants. Phytochemistry 72:223–229
Schirmböck M, Lorito M, Wang Y et al (1994) Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics: molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:4364–4370
Seidl V, Marchetti M, Schandl R et al (2006) Epl1, the major secreted proteinof Hypocrea atroviridis on glucose, is a member of a strongly conserved protein family comprising plant defence response elicitors. FEBS J 273:4346–4359
Shoresh M, Harman GE (2008) The relationship between increased growth and resistance induced in plants by root colonizing microbes. Plant Signaling Behav 3:737–739
Shoresh M, Harman GE, Mastouri F (2010) Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents. Annu Rev Phytopathol 48:21–43
Spiegel Y, Sharon E, Bar-Eyal M et al (2007) Evaluation and mode of action of Trichoderma isolates as biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes. Bulletin OILB/SROP 30:25
Studholme D, Harris J, Le Cocq B et al (2013) Investigating the beneficial traits of Trichoderma hamatum GD12 for sustainable agriculture—insights from genomics. Front Plant Sci 4:258
Tripathi P, Singh P, Mishra A et al (2013) Trichoderma: a potential bioremediator for environmental clean up. Clean Techn Environ Policy 4:1–10
Tucci M, Ruocco M, De Masi L et al (2011) The beneficial effect of Trichoderma spp. on tomato is modulated by the plant genotype. Mol Plant Pathol 12:341–354
Vinale F, Sivasithamparam K, Ghisalberti EL et al (2008) A novel role for Trichoderma secondary metabolites in the interactions with plants. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 72:80–86
Vinale F, Sivasithamparam K, Ghisalberti EL et al (2012) Trichoderma secondary metabolites that affect plant metabolism. Natural Product Commun 7:1545–1550
Vos C, De Cremer K, Cammue B et al (2014) The toolbox of Trichoderma spp. in biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea disease. Mol Plant Pathol (in press)
Woo SL, Donzelli B, Scala F et al (1999) Disruption of the ech42 (endochitinase-encoding) gene affects biocontrol activity in Trichoderma harzianum P1. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 12:419–429
Yedidia I, Srivastva AK, Kapulnik Y et al (2001) Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on microelement concentrations and increased growth of cucumber plants. Plant Soil 235:235–242
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer International Publishing Switzerland
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lorito, M., Woo, S. (2015). Trichoderma: A Multi-Purpose Tool for Integrated Pest Management. In: Lugtenberg, B. (eds) Principles of Plant-Microbe Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08575-3_36
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-08574-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-08575-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)