Abstract
It is evident that the three transport phenomena, which are mentioned in the title of this section, are involved in structure formation during processing. In particular, flow is always engaged in mold filling. In one respect flow causes macroscopic heat and momentum transport. But it has also an enormous influence on the crystallization kinetics. In fact, crystallization is the consequence of transport on a microscale. It is rendered possible by rearrangements of molecules. However, these rearrangements are favored by flow. This seems obvious. But nobody would have expected that the influence of flow should be so tremendous. In fact, the biggest surprise for us was that the number density of (apparently athermal) nuclei could be enhanced by many decades, if shear or extensional flows were applied for short time spans to melts of industrial polypropylenes [1–3], which were undercooled to temperatures below the melting temperature of their spherulites (see Fig. 1.3 below). A similar big effect could be attained by rapid quenches of quiescent melts to a series of much lower temperatures. The details of these experiments will be described later in Sect. 2.1.1. However, a demonstration of the overwhelming effects seems important. For the purpose, Fig. 1.1 is introduced.
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Janeschitz-Kriegl, H. (2010). Required Basic Achievements. In: Crystallization Modalities in Polymer Melt Processing. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-87627-5_1
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