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Electrogastrography, Breath Tests, Ultrasonography, Transit Tests, Wireless Motility Capsule, and Cine-MRI

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Pediatric Neurogastroenterology

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Abstract

Electrogastrography is a noninvasive test used to evaluate the myoelectrical activity of the stomach. It does not involve radiation and is not operator dependent but has a main drawback that it can be affected by motion artifact. The current methodologies for electrogastrography are not well standardized. It is considered as an adjunct test in the evaluation of children with gastrointestinal functional and motility disorders rather than a substitute for transit (scintigraphy) or motility (antroduodenal manometry) studies. Breath test and transit studies with radiopaque markers are an attractive, noninvasive, inexpensive, and office based alternative methods to conventional studies that measure gastric, intestinal, colonic, and whole gut transit (WGT). However, they have poor reproducibility in several clinical settings and possess multiple nonstandardized methodologies. Ultrasonography (US), another noninvasive operator-dependent alternative method, can be used to evaluate gastric emptying of liquids, though it is significantly affected by some technicalities like obesity and the presence of air. The wireless motility capsule (WMC, SMartPill™) is a novel device that allows the simultaneous measurement of contractility and transit time of the whole gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Nonetheless it has limitations including cost, required expertise and more pediatric studies are needed. Cine-magnetic resonance imaging is an evolving method that allows measurement of luminal volumes, motility, and transit of the gastrointestinal tract, all in one session, without the need of ionizing radiation or invasive interventions utilized in manometry. Most of the literature encompasses studies in adults, both in health and disease, therefore making it an exciting novel technique that may create new opportunities for research, clinical diagnosis, treatment follow-up and drug development in pediatrics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurogastroenterology and Motility Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale New Haven Children’s Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA

    Ricardo A. Arbizu & Leonel Rodriguez

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  1. Ricardo A. Arbizu
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  2. Leonel Rodriguez
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Correspondence to Leonel Rodriguez .

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  1. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Christophe Faure

  2. Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Queensland Children’s Hospital School of Medicine University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Nikhil Thapar

  3. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Carlo Di Lorenzo

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Arbizu, R.A., Rodriguez, L. (2022). Electrogastrography, Breath Tests, Ultrasonography, Transit Tests, Wireless Motility Capsule, and Cine-MRI. In: Faure, C., Thapar, N., Di Lorenzo, C. (eds) Pediatric Neurogastroenterology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15229-0_17

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