Abstract
Endovascular therapy for cerebrovascular occlusive disease is perhaps the most exciting of the new and still developing therapies for the management of cerebrovascular disease. This treatment modality is appealing because it is less invasive compared with conventional surgery, e.g., carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or extracranial-intracranial bypass, and it can benefit patients who are not surgical candidates.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators, Barnett HJM, Taylor DW, Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Peerless SJ, et al. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(7):445–53.
Zahn R, Mark B, Niedermaier N, Zeymer U, Limbourg P, Ischinger T, Haerten K, Hauptmann KE, Leitner ER, Kasper W, Tebbe U, Senges J, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende Kardiologische Krankenhausärzte (ALKK). Embolic protection devices for carotid artery stenting: better results than stenting without protection? Eur Heart J. 2004;25(17):1550–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehj.2004.06.018. PMID: 15342175.
Yadav JS, Roubin GS, King P, Iyer S, Vitek J. Angioplasty and stenting for restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. Initial experience. Stroke. 1996;27(11):2075–9.
Yadav JS, Roubin GS, Iyer S, Vitek J, King P, Jordan WD, et al. Elective stenting of the extracranial carotid arteries. Circulation. 1997;95(2):376–81.
Henry M, Amor M, Henry I, Klonaris C, Chati Z, Masson I, et al. Carotid stenting with cerebral protection: first clinical experience using the PercuSurge GuardWire system. J Endovasc Surg. 1999;6(4):321–31.
Parodi JC, La Mura R, Ferreira LM, Mendez MV, Cersosimo H, Schonholz C, et al. Initial evaluation of carotid angioplasty and stenting with three different cerebral protection devices. J Vasc Surg. 2000;32(6):1127–36.
Jordan WD Jr, Schroeder PT, Fisher WS, McDowell HA. A comparison of angioplasty with stenting versus endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 1997;11(1):2–8.
Naylor AR, Bolia A, Abbott RJ, Pye IF, Smith J, Lennard N, et al. Randomized study of carotid angioplasty and stenting versus carotid endarterectomy: a stopped trial. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28(2):326–34.
Yadav JS, Wholey MH, Kuntz RE, Fayad P, Katzen BT, Mishkel GJ, Bajwa TK, Whitlow P, Strickman NE, Jaff MR, Popma JJ, Snead DB, Cutlip DE, Firth BG, Ouriel K, Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy Investigators. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(15):1493–501. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040127. PMID: 15470212.
Fairman R, Gray WA, Scicli AP, Wilburn O, Verta P, Atkinson R, Yadav JS, Wholey M, Hopkins LN, Raabe R, Barnwell S, Green R, CAPTURE Trial Collaborators. The CAPTURE registry: analysis of strokes resulting from carotid artery stenting in the post approval setting: timing, location, severity, and type. Ann Surg. 2007;246(4):551–6; discussion 556–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181567a39. PMID: 17893491.
Katzen BT, Criado FJ, Ramee SR, Massop DW, Hopkins LN, Donohoe D, Cohen SA, Mauri L, CASES-PMS Investigators. Carotid artery stenting with emboli protection surveillance study: thirty-day results of the CASES-PMS study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2007;70(2):316–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21222. PMID: 17630678.
Gray WA, Chaturvedi S, Verta P, Investigators and the Executive Committees. Thirty-day outcomes for carotid artery stenting in 6320 patients from 2 prospective, multicenter, high-surgical-risk registries. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2(3):159–66. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.108.823013. Epub 2009 Mar 6. PMID: 20031712.
Massop D, Dave R, Metzger C, Bachinsky W, Solis M, Shah R, Schultz G, Schreiber T, Ashchi M, Hibbard R, SAPPHIRE Worldwide Investigators. Stenting and angioplasty with protection in patients at high-risk for endarterectomy: SAPPHIRE Worldwide Registry first 2001 patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;73(2):129–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21844. PMID: 18924164.
Howard VJ, Meschia JF, Lal BK, Turan TN, Roubin GS, Brown RD Jr, Voeks JH, Barrett KM, Demaerschalk BM, Huston J 3rd, Lazar RM, Moore WS, Wadley VG, Chaturvedi S, Moy CS, Chimowitz M, Howard G, Brott TG, CREST-2 Study Investigators. Carotid revascularization and medical management for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: protocol of the CREST-2 clinical trials. Int J Stroke. 2017;12(7):770–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493017706238. Epub 2017 May 2. PMID: 28462683; PMCID: PMC5987521.
CaRESS Steering Committee. Carotid Revascularization Using Endarterectomy or Stenting Systems (CaRESS) phase I clinical trial: 1-year results. J Vasc Surg. 2005;42(2):213–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2005.04.023. PMID: 16102616.
Eckstein HH, Ringleb P, Allenberg JR, Berger J, Fraedrich G, Hacke W, Hennerici M, Stingele R, Fiehler J, Zeumer H, Jansen O. Results of the Stent-Protected Angioplasty versus Carotid Endarterectomy (SPACE) study to treat symptomatic stenoses at 2 years: a multinational, prospective, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(10):893–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70196-0. Epub 2008 Sep 5. Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(2):135. PMID: 18774746.
Mas JL, Trinquart L, Leys D, Albucher JF, Rousseau H, Viguier A, Bossavy JP, Denis B, Piquet P, Garnier P, Viader F, Touzé E, Julia P, Giroud M, Krause D, Hosseini H, Becquemin JP, Hinzelin G, Houdart E, Hénon H, Neau JP, Bracard S, Onnient Y, Padovani R, Chatellier G, EVA-3S Investigators. Endarterectomy Versus Angioplasty in Patients with Symptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis (EVA-3S) trial: results up to 4 years from a randomised, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(10):885–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70195-9. Epub 2008 Sep 5. PMID: 18774745.
International Carotid Stenting Study Investigators, Ederle J, Dobson J, Featherstone RL, Bonati LH, van der Worp HB, de Borst GJ, Lo TH, Gaines P, Dorman PJ, Macdonald S, Lyrer PA, Hendriks JM, McCollum C, Nederkoorn PJ, Brown MM. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;375(9719):985–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60239-5. Epub 2010 Feb 25. Erratum in: Lancet. 2010;376(9735):90. Nasser, H-C [corrected to Nahser, H-C]. PMID: 20189239; PMCID: PMC2849002.
Hobson RW 2nd. CREST (Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stent Trial): background, design, and current status. Semin Vasc Surg. 2000;13(2):139–43.
Hobson RW 2nd, Brott T, Ferguson R, Roubin G, Moore W, Kuntz R, et al. CREST: carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stent trial. Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;5(5):457–8.
Hopkins LN, Roubin GS, Chakhtoura EY, Gray WA, Ferguson RD, Katzen BT, et al. The Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial: credentialing of interventionalists and final results of lead-in phase. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;19(2):153–62.
Brott TG, Hobson RW 2nd, Howard G, Roubin GS, Clark WM, Brooks W, et al. Stenting versus endarterectomy for treatment of carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(1):11–23.
Coram R, Abou-Chebl A. A summary of the CREST trial. Endovascular Today. 2010.
Rosenfield K, Matsumura JS, Chaturvedi S, Riles T, Ansel GM, Metzger DC, et al. Randomized trial of stent versus surgery for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(11):1011–20.
Nallamothu BK, Gurm HS, Ting HH, Goodney PP, Rogers MA, Curtis JP, et al. Operator experience and carotid stenting outcomes in Medicare beneficiaries. JAMA. 2011;306(12):1338–43.
Smout J, Macdonald S, Weir G, Stansby G. Carotid artery stenting: relationship between experience and complication rate. Int J Stroke. 2010;5(6):477–82.
Sardar P, Chatterjee S, Aronow HD, Kundu A, Ramchand P, Mukherjee D, et al. Carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy for stroke prevention: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(18):2266–75.
Brott TG, Howard G, Roubin GS, Meschia JF, Mackey A, Brooks W, et al. Long-term results of stenting versus endarterectomy for carotid-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(11):1021–31.
Bosiers M, de Donato G, Deloose K, Verbist J, Peeters P, Castriota F, et al. Does free cell area influence the outcome in carotid artery stenting? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33(2):135–41; discussion 42–3.
Stabile E, Salemme L, Sorropago G, Tesorio T, Nammas W, Miranda M, et al. Proximal endovascular occlusion for carotid artery stenting: results from a prospective registry of 1,300 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(16):1661–7.
Bersin RM, Stabile E, Ansel GM, Clair DG, Cremonesi A, Hopkins LN, et al. A meta-analysis of proximal occlusion device outcomes in carotid artery stenting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;80(7):1072–8.
Dhillon AS, Li S, Lewinger JP, Shavelle DM, Matthews RV, Clavijo LC, et al. Comparison of devices used in carotid artery stenting: a vascular quality initiative analysis of commonly used carotid stents and embolic protection devices. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;92(4):743–9.
Aronow HD, Gray WA, Ramee SR, Mishkel GJ, Schreiber TJ, Wang H. Predictors of neurological events associated with carotid artery stenting in high-surgical-risk patients: insights from the Cordis Carotid Stent Collaborative. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(6):577–84.
Rothwell PM, Goldstein LB. Carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: asymptomatic carotid surgery trial. Stroke. 2004;35(10):2425–7.
Abou-Chebl A, Yadav JS, Reginelli JP, Bajzer C, Bhatt D, Krieger DW. Intracranial hemorrhage and hyperperfusion syndrome following carotid artery stenting: risk factors, prevention, and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(9):1596–601.
Abou-Chebl A, Reginelli J, Bajzer CT, Yadav JS. Intensive treatment of hypertension decreases the risk of hyperperfusion and intracerebral hemorrhage following carotid artery stenting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2007;69(5):690–6.
Lin R, Mazighi M, Yadav J, Abou-Chebl A. The impact of timing on outcomes of carotid artery stenting in recently symptomatic patients. J Neurointerv Surg. 2010;2(1):55–8.
Qureshi AI, Siddiqui AM, Hanel RA, Xavier AR, Kim SH, Kirmani JF, et al. Safety of high-dose intravenous eptifibatide as an adjunct to internal carotid artery angioplasty and stent placement: a prospective registry. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(2):307–16; discussion 16–7.
Gupta R, Abou-Chebl A, Bajzer CT, Schumacher HC, Yadav JS. Rate, predictors, and consequences of hemodynamic depression after carotid artery stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47(8):1538–43.
Theron J, Courtheoux P, Alachkar F, Bouvard G, Maiza D. New triple coaxial catheter system for carotid angioplasty with cerebral protection. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1990;11(5):869–74; discussion 75–7.
Wholey MH, Al-Mubarek N, Wholey MH. Updated review of the global carotid artery stent registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003;60(2):259–66.
Veeraswamy RK, Rubin BG, Sanchez LA, Curi MA, Geraghty PJ, Parodi JC, et al. Complications of carotid artery stenting are largely preventable: a retrospective error analysis. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther. 2007;19(4):403–8.
Roubin GS, New G, Iyer SS, Vitek JJ, Al-Mubarak N, Liu MW, et al. Immediate and late clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a 5-year prospective analysis. Circulation. 2001;103(4):532–7.
Terada T, Tsuura M, Matsumoto H, Masuo O, Yamaga H, Tsumoto T, et al. Results of endovascular treatment of internal carotid artery stenoses with a newly developed balloon protection catheter. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(3):617–23; discussion 23–5.
Reimers B, Corvaja N, Moshiri S, Sacca S, Albiero R, Di Mario C, et al. Cerebral protection with filter devices during carotid artery stenting. Circulation. 2001;104(1):12–5.
Piepgras DG, Morgan MK, Sundt TM Jr, Yanagihara T, Mussman LM. Intracerebral hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy. J Neurosurg. 1988;68(4):532–6. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.68.4.0532. PMID: 3351580.
Borhani Haghighi A, Edgell RC, Cruz-Flores S, Zaidat OO. Vertebral artery origin stenosis and its treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2011;20(4):369–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2011.05.007. PMID: 21729790.
Markus HS, Larsson SC, Kuker W, Schulz UG, Ford I, Rothwell PM, Clifton A, VIST Investigators. Stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: the Vertebral Artery Ischaemia Stenting Trial. Neurology. 2017;89(12):1229–36. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004385. Epub 2017 Aug 23. PMID: 28835400; PMCID: PMC5606920.
Compter A, van der Worp HB, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Boiten J, Nederkoorn PJ, Uyttenboogaart M, Lo RT, Algra A, Kappelle LJ, VAST Investigators. Stenting versus medical treatment in patients with symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a randomised open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(6):606–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(15)00017-4. Epub 2015 Apr 20. PMID: 25908089.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chebl, A.A., Alsrouji, O.K., Jumaa, M.A. (2022). Endovascular Treatment of Extracranial Disease. In: Edgell, R.C., M. Christopher, K. (eds) Neurointervention in the Medical Specialties. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87428-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87428-5_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87427-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87428-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)