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The Conjunctival Biopsy

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Lee's Ophthalmic Histopathology

Abstract

Conjunctival tissue is rarely excised with enucleations so most material submitted is as scrapings or biopsies. Infection such as herpes simplex, molluscum or chlamydia may be diagnosed in conjunctiva scrapings. Atopy may also result in papillary conjunctivitis and giant papillae may be seen in contact lens wearers. Granulomatous inflammation may occur with sarcoidosis, and fungal infection as well as foreign bodies. Cicatrising conjunctivitis may be due to mucous membrane pemphigoid and immunofluorescent studies will be required to confirm the diagnosis. Various benign lesions including inclusion cysts and choristomas such as epibulbar dermoids may be submitted to pathology. Conjunctival papillomas may be associated with human papillomas virus infection and can recur. In situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma can involve the conjunctiva and sebaceous carcinoma can involve the conjunctiva by pagetoid spread. Melanocytic lesions include naevi, primary acquired melanosis and malignant melanoma. Lymphomas are usually of mucosal associated lymphoid tissue type and are low grade. Some tumours are specific to the caruncle such as oncocytomas.

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  1. Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK

    Fiona Roberts

  2. Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

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Roberts, F., Thum, C.K. (2021). The Conjunctival Biopsy. In: Lee's Ophthalmic Histopathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76525-5_11

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