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Nephrology in Mexico

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Nephrology Worldwide

Abstract

Nephrology in Mexico started in 1955 with the opening of the nephrology department at Mexico’s National Heart Institute, where the first nephrology training program began in 1958. Pediatric nephrology care was first offered at Mexico’s Federico Gomez Children’s Hospital in 1953, among the first pediatric nephrology programs in the world. Kidney transplantation began in 1963 at the IMSS General Hospital. The Sociedad Mexicana de Nefrologia, the first Mexican nephrology society, was established in 1967, followed by the publication of Nefrologia Mexicana, its official journal, in 1980.

Chronic kidney disease has emerged as a public health problem in Mexico. However, the fragmentation of the health system has resulted in unequal access to renal replacement therapy. Seguro Popular, a public health-care insurance for the poor, does not cover renal replacement therapy. As a consequence, many uninsured patients refuse dialysis, eventually abandon their treatment, or lose their kidney grafts because sustaining dialysis or immunosuppression becomes unaffordable. The lack of a national dialysis registry results in a vacuum of information on the burden of treated end-stage renal disease and its outcomes. In addition to the high burden of traditional risk factors (i.e., diabetes mellitus), a number of “hotspots” of chronic kidney disease of unknown origin have been recently described in the country. Despite the increased burden of chronic kidney disease, strategies to prevent chronic kidney disease have not been part of the nation’s noncommunicable disease health policies. Chronic kidney disease screening is not part of the National Health Surveys. Peritoneal dialysis continues to be the dialysis modality of choice, although a significant shift to hemodialysis has been observed over the last two decades. The number of nephrologists (9.1 per million population) is insufficient to match the demand imposed by the burden of chronic kidney disease. In conclusion, after 65 years of the beginning of nephrology in Mexico, kidney disease care remains unjust, unequal, and below the quality of international standards. The current infrastructure and resources are insufficient to satisfy the demand of renal care in our society. Therefore, it is important to consider it as a public health priority and to implement a comprehensive program for the prevention and control of this illness. The establishment of a national public policy for the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease is urgently needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, University of Guadalajara Health Sciences Center, Guadalajara, Mexico

    Guillermo Garcia-Garcia, Jonathan Samuel Chavez-Iñiguez & Cynthia Gabriela Cervantes-Sanchez

  2. Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico

    Armando Vazquez-Rangel

  3. Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ramón Paniagua

  4. Nephrology Service, Hospital General de Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, Mexico

    Rafael Valdez-Ortiz

  5. Department of Surgery, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico

    Rafael Reyes-Acevedo

  6. Unidad de Investigación y Diagnóstico en Nefrologia y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico

    Mara Medeiros & Ricardo Muñoz-Arizpe

  7. Department of Nephrology, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico

    Maria Alejandra Aguilar-Kitsu

  8. Universidad Panamericana School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico

    Gregorio T. Obrador

  9. Universidad Panamericana School of Nursing, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ximena Rubilar-Araya

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  1. Guillermo Garcia-Garcia
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  2. Jonathan Samuel Chavez-Iñiguez
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  3. Armando Vazquez-Rangel
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  4. Cynthia Gabriela Cervantes-Sanchez
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  5. Ramón Paniagua
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  6. Rafael Valdez-Ortiz
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  7. Rafael Reyes-Acevedo
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  8. Mara Medeiros
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  9. Maria Alejandra Aguilar-Kitsu
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  10. Ricardo Muñoz-Arizpe
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  11. Gregorio T. Obrador
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  12. Ximena Rubilar-Araya
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brazilian Society of Nephrology, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

    José A. Moura-Neto

  2. Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Stockholms Län, Sweden

    José Carolino Divino-Filho

  3. DIMED - University of Padova, Department Nephrology Dialysis & Transplantation, International Renal Research Institute (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy

    Claudio Ronco

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Garcia-Garcia, G. et al. (2021). Nephrology in Mexico. In: Moura-Neto, J.A., Divino-Filho, J.C., Ronco, C. (eds) Nephrology Worldwide. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56890-0_14

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